PENCEGAHAN DAN PROMOSI KESEHATAN SECARA TRADISIONAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN STATUS MASYARAKAT DI SUMENEP MADURA

Abstract

The health cost increases higher and higher. This occurs in case of the diagnostic and medical treatments of the health care are too expensive. There should be efforts to compress the increased medical treatment cost; one is by carrying out as soon as possible the earlier prevention treatments and health promotions. The prevention treatments and health promotions are lower cost and better than curative. It can be done by using traditional methods. The fact is that the traditional culture has the enormous conceptions of them, but still it has no many studies exposed and publicized yet. This research is aimed at discovering: 1) the conceptions of disease preventions and health promotions in the system of building and environment structures; 2) the conception of disease prevention and health promotion in the traditional ceremonies; 3) the conception of disease prevention and health promotion in the traditional body treatment and beauty care; and 4) the rationalization of that traditional culture in accordance with the medical science discipline.

The result of this research shows that the conception of prevention and health promotion in traditional methods located in Madura area can be categorized into three preventive stages as stated in medical science such as Primary Prevention-health promotion; Secondary Prevention-earlier diagnostic and medical treatments; and Tertiary Prevention-healing. Primary prevention is preventive actions taken before one is getting illness. The actions are: a) the health promotion indicated to improve the individual immune toward the health problems; b) the typical protection that is specific attempts to prevent the transmission of certain disease taken place.

In Primary Prevention stage, the prevention is carried out long before a health disruption occurs. The efforts of this stage are initiated by choosing a certain sacred place by which the people do not allow to break the traditional regulations of"nombak tobun", "nombak songai", and "nombak lorong". Still, in this stage, Madurian always maintain their health by consuming traditional medicines and this health maintenance is frequently performed all over body treatments and other medical cares. The traditional ceremony in terms of ceremonial meal of either circle of life or exorcism ritual (ruat) of warding off misfortune (tolak balak) can be categorized as primary prevention as well as secondary prevention. This is a result of ceremonial meal ritual which can be carried out before and after the health disruption period.