The influence of concentration liquid waste of tofu production to Daphnia sp cultivation biomass

A natural feed of freshwater fish as long as it depends on worms tubifex is hard to be cultivated. Daphnia sp is one of the kinds of Cladocera zooplankton to be an alternative as a natural feed for seed of fish. The liquid tofu waste generally is a problem that is going on in every regional particularly around the Kedu Residency, Central Java. The liquid waste has the nutritional value that can be used for cultivation Daphnia sp. The right concentration of liquid waste tofu to the cultivation of  Daphnia sp. has not been studied. This research aimed to find out the influence of concentration out over the density of waste biomass and the visibility of morphology Daphnia sp. The experiment used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and three repetitions, 25:75, 50:50, dan 75:100 (TI, T2, and T3, respectively), tofu liquid waste and water.  The results concluded that T3 has repercussions for the density and biomass Daphnia sp. The density of Daphnia sp. was shown by treating 75 % of liquid tofu waste with 31.33 ind L-1 on average and while biomass was 4.6 g L-1 on average. The visibility of Daphnia sp morphology was cultivated with liquid tofu waste compared with Daphnia sp. cultivated using wastewater of catfish cultivation as a control group.Keywords: Biomass, Daphnia sp., Liquid tofu waste, Present of morphology


Daphnia sp cultivation biomass
Tholibah Mujtahidah 1,a,* , Baruna Kusuma 2,b 1 The Magelang people around the Elo river have a business of making tofu, and the amount of waste is produced abundant enough. Solid waste is used as animal feed, and liquid waste is discharged into the Elo river. The tofu liquid waste causes pollution in the Elo river Magelang since the exile directly into the river without wastewater treatment plant (Herma et al., 2014). Reduce pollution in the river, then tofu liquid waste what to be used first before dumping it directly into the river. Alternative the use of tofu liquid waste can be used for culture media Daphnia sp.
The utilization of waste liquid organic tofu factory around the Elo river for cultivation Daphnia sp. is one of an alternative to decrease environment pollution as well as to overcome the problem of freshwater fish feed. The womb nutrients, the process of microorganisms, and the hydrolysis in waters cause tofu liquid can be used for cultivation Daphnia sp. It needs to study the best concentration of liquid tofu waste that it is applied to the cultivation of biomass Daphnia sp.
Research has cultivation daphnia sp use fecal waste cattle, but weakness using animal waste and many cattle coarse fiber and ammonia that we need to create the process and indirect ready as the feed of Daphnia sp. This research aimed to find out the density of Daphnia sp. and biomass obtained from the cultivation of using liquid tofu waste with different concentration. Another purpose of this research also determined the content of nutrients liquid tofu waste and the visibility of morphology Daphnia sp (Rahayuning et al., 2017).

Material and methods
The tofu liquid waste obtained from a tofu factory in the Magelang city then analyzed proximate to know the womb nutrient (Rahayuning et al., 2017). The results of the proximate were compared to other literature. Proximate analysis testing showed liquid tofu waste that was used as the basis for cultivation. Daphnia sp. was prepared on the stock solution given a feed from phytoplankton. The Daphnia sp. preparation was cultivated in a media with Ureas. They were collected using the net with 1 mm in diameter to a uniform size (Darmawan, 2014). Daphnia sp next aquarium stocked in an experiment with density 12 cell L -1 or 300 Daphnia sp per 25 L container cultivation.
Media of Daphnia sp cultivation is water drawn from clean water. The freshwater on 25-liter of aquarium was added liquid nutrient waste tofu, 25: 75, 50: 50 and 75: 100 in range. The addition of liquid tofu waste was introduced every day with a dose of 1 mL day -1 in 25 L aquariums cultivation. Wastewater cultivation of catfish was used as control. Every one week conducted sampling to calculate Daphnia sp density. The volumetric accuracy of sampling was employed to the number of daphnia sp. The calculations Daphnia sp. density followed the formula, according to Rahayu and Piranti (2009). On 30 days maintenance, total of Daphnia sp. were harvested by drain depleted of water cultivation and hold at the nets waring 0.1 mm in diameter. Daphnia sp. were collected based on each treatment and calculated biomass using formula according to Izzah et al. (2014), as follows: = Initial weight at day 0 Wt = Final weight at day 30 L = Water volume (L) The measurement of the water quality at an aquarium experiment was DO, pH, and water temperature. They were measured a day two and a half times the day and early morning. The data of the water quality was used as the supporting data to analyze of Daphnia sp growth. The statistical analysis employed SPSS 16 using oneway variance (ANOVA) method followed the Tukey and polynomial orthogonal to know the concentration of liquid tofu waste what best intensities and biomass of Daphnia sp. The proximate data analysis of liquid tofu waste and morphology was described in the table form and figure.

Results and Discussion
The proximate data comparison of Tofu waste and referen was shown in Table 1: The protein of liquid tofu waste is tiny because in the process of making tofu subjected to the operation of filtering and stages of boiling until formed in the form of liquid and solid waste. The liquid tofu waste has macro and micro for soil nutrients that can be used as a growth media of microbes (Said, 1999). Daphnia sp growth was counted in two measurements such as density and biomass weakly (Figure 1). On week 0, Daphnia sp. with 12 cell L -1 increased on first week because of the phase of Daphnia sp. maximum growth about one week. In the second week experienced, the growth of Daphnia sp. declined in density because the temperature was dropped dramatically due to cold weather. The temperature of the second week on the night about 16 °C was impeding breeding Daphnia sp. According to Cindra et al. (2009), the low temperatures inhibit the hatching of ephippia.
On third week, temperature fluctuations started well for Daphnia sp breeding. On week third and fourth increased the number of Daphnia sp (cell L -1 ) because the temperature beginning to stable. According to Darmawan (2014), Daphnia sp. can grow at a temperature of 24-28 °C. Last week at the end of maintenance, showed the difference between treatment. It revealed that the more significant concentration of liquid tofu waste increased the density of Daphnia sp (cell L -1 ) ( Table 2). The results of the Daphnia sp. density showed that the best concentration to increase the density of Daphnia sp. was control treatment. On the other hand, The higher level of liquid tofu waste showed higher growth of Daphnia sp. (cell L -1 ). The data were analyzed using Tukey testing to show a significant effect of the liquid tofu waste on biomass Daphnia sp. Based on the Tukey test, the control group showed the highest biomass of treatments. According to Darmawan (2014), wastewater of catfish cultivation contained kind of microorganisms such as Bacillariophyceae, phytoplankton, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and other unknown. They, a natural feed, are suitable for the development of Daphnia sp. In treatment by liquid tofu, waste indicated that increasing of liquid tofu waste concentration enlarged biomass of Daphnia sp. That was showing the womb nutrients on waste tofu liquid was low. According to Mulyaningsih et al. (2013), liquid tofu waste has protein 0.42 %, fat 0.13 %, carbohydrates 0.11 % and the water level 98.87 % and the moisture content of content that ranged 98.87 % suggests the low level of the womb nutrients on the waste of tofu liquid.
The control group showed better results than the treatment group. It was expected nutrients content from tofu waste lower than control that used wastewater of catfish cultivation, although the growing of Daphnia sp. kept well. Based on it, need to increase the concentration of liquid tofu waste to improve the result of the advancement of the Daphnia sp. The data of water quality can be seen in Table 3. The fluctuations of temperature went down drastically in the second week which inhibited the growth of Daphnia sp. While DO and pH data weekly were stable and could support to the cultivation of Daphnia sp.
The result of research, liquid tofu waste and control (green wastewater of catfish cultivation) showed a significant difference in the color of Daphnia sp. body. Daphnia sp. body was presented paler cultivated using liquid tofu waste than used green wastewater of catfish cultivation. Daphnia sp. had the red color when it was developed using green wastewater of catfish cultivation. We assumed Daphnia sp. has hemoglobin, ate phytoplankton and organic matter as filter feeder. According to Fajriyani et al. (2017), the low level of hemoglobin indicates the anemia. The pale of Daphnia sp was caused by anemia because the womb nutrients of liquid tofu waste were too limited. The differences color body of Daphnia sp could be identified in Figure 2. The result of this research could be concluded that the concentration of tofu waste exerted an influence of density and biomass of Daphnia sp. The highest density of Daphnia sp. was showed by 75 % of liquid tofu waste with the average yield 31.33 cell L -1 . While the biomass Daphnia sp was the average yield of 4.6 g L -1 . Even though the results of control better than treatment, but the study showed a positive effect with the increase in the concentration of liquid tofu waste would increase the density and biomass of Daphnia sp. The visibility of Daphnia sp. cultivated with liquid tofu waste could be paler compared to Daphnia sp. grown with wastewater of catfish cultivation.