Collaboration with Pentahelix Model in Developing Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism in Malang City

This study aims to reveal the development of Kajoetangan Heritage as a tourist attraction site in the city of Malang. The researchers use the Pentahelix model to look at the development. The involvement of pentahelix stakeholders (government, community, private sector, academics, and media) is intended to develop the tourism site thoroughly. So far, the main problem behind the less optimal management of Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism is the lack of development of accessibility, facilities, and infrastructure. This research uses descriptive qualitative method while the data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the collaboration between the Kajoetangan community, Malang heritage community, Department of Culture and Tourism of Malang, Soak Ngalam business, City Guide FM, and Intitute of National Technology Malang had succeeded in increasing the promotion of the Kajoetangan Heritage. However, the collaboration had not been able to contribute maximally to the regional income. This happens because the problems of accessibility, facilities, and infrastructure were not resolved and there was a weak capacity of the actors involved.


INTRODUCTION
The Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Tourism is targeting the tourism sector in 2019 to be able to bring 20 million foreign tourists and 275 million domestic ones. Besides, the tourism sector is targeted to contribute to the national GDP as much as 8% to Rp 280 trillion of foreign exchange. Moreover, the sector is mandated to create jobs for at least 13 million people. To meet the performance targets of 2019, the Ministry of Tourism designed a strategy of tourism development that is through collaboration under the In addition to these prioritized destinations, some areas in Indonesia have begun to develop its tourism using the Pentahelix concept. One is a tourist destination city in East Java, Malang. Malang is one of the city of tourist destinations, where the number of tourists each year continued to increase.  As the area has been formalized into the heritage region, it becomes the task of government, stakeholders, and elements of society to cooperate in developing the tourism potential. One way to do so is to according to the data of the Kajotangan Heritage Tourism management, the tour has been able to attract 5577 travellers, 5520 of whom are locals and as much as 57 were foreign tourists. Although it has been able to attract a quite big number of visitors, the customers of tourism say they were not fully satisfied because many people do not know the heritage and most visitors are teenagers who are just looking for a photo spot than to see the value of history in it. Hence, the future plan of tourism is hoping to attract more tourists.
To solve this problem, a collaboration was carried out in the form of pentahelix. Pentahelix is an extension of the triple helix strategies which involves the elements of society and nonprofit institutions to realize the innovation (Lindmark, Sturesson, & Nilsson-Roos, 2009). Triplehelix is developed with added with an element, civil society or community, which makes the Quadruplehelix that functions to accommodate the community's perspective. Quadruplehelix concept is developed by maintaining the interaction of the triple helix models (network science and technology between universities, industry, and government) and involving civil society as a whole in the system (Yawson, 2009). Indonesia's model of the Quadruplehelix has then added one more element that is media which then becomes a complementary element Pentahelix, as the context of the development of the creative economy in Indonesia.
Based on some of the explanations above, it can be concluded that Pentahelix is an innovation model to increase the level of the economy of a country or region which involves five stakeholders i.e. government, businessman (private), media, academic, and community. These five elements have their respective roles and fairly large influence that when combined in a collaboration with the specific purpose may achieve better and maximum results. Pentahelix model becomes a reference in the synergy between the relevant agencies to achieve the goal of collaboration as optimal as possible. Pentahelix has an important role to play in supporting the purpose of joint innovation and pentahelix contributes to the socio-economic progress of the region (Soemaryani, 2016).
The following are the roles of each element in Pentahelix, namely: 1. The government in Pentahelix model acts as a regulator. The government acts as a regulator as well as a controller that has the rules and responsibilities in developing an object.
2. Business or private in Pentahelix model acts as operational units. Business is an entity running the business in the process of creating added value and maintain sustainable growth (Slamet, Nainggolan, Roessobiyatno, Ramdani, & Hendriyanto, 2016). The Business has a role as a promotor or budget contributor in providing the added value or revenue in the form of funding in the development of the sector.
3. Academics serve as a drafter, where the academics in the model provides standardized processes on the activities and the certification of skills and human resources. Academics also provide concepts and the latest theories relevant to the activity or sector developed to gain a sustainable competitive advantage (Slamet et al., 2016).
4. The media act as an expander. In this model, the media plays a role in supporting the publication in the promotion and creating a brand image.
5. The community acts as an accelerator. In this model, a community of people has similar interests and relevant to the evolving business (Slamet et al., 2016). The community can also act as a mediator or liaison between stakeholders to assist in the development of the deposit.

METHOD
The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative to provide an overview of government collaboration with Pentahelix Model in the development of Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism and the problems faced. The data in this study were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained were the form of primary data, which was obtained from the interview and observation, and secondary data, which was obtained from documents, journals, books, legislation, and other media. This study uses data analysis techniques (Miles, Huberman, Huberman, & Huberman, 1994) which cover data collection, data reduction, and conclusion and data display (Silalahi, 2006).

Collaboration with Pentahelix Model in the Development of Kajoetangan Heritage Malang
Kajoetangan Heritage with a history and antiques themed tourism potential since the start of its establishment has begun to involve stakeholders in the Pentahelix model. As a new tourism site that has not been recognized by many people, the involvement of stakeholders in the development of Kajoetangan tourism is expected to be able to have a great impact so that the development process is spread.  process of mobilization of collective principles. Motivations collectively is a cycle strengthening mutual trust, mutual understanding, internal legitimacy, and commitment.
Confidence has begun to build society since the beginning by inviting the Malang Heritage Community to be involved in developing their villages. From the community then the other stakeholders are invited. It was already taken into consideration the development of trust between them. This trust development is an important process so that the performance is in line with expectations.
Afterward, the creation of trust will result in a common understanding that could allow stakeholders to appreciate the differences among each other. The goal is to create mutual understanding among stakeholders so that they could understand and appreciate the position and interests of each stakeholder, even when there is a disagreement between them. The understanding can be seen from the Kajoetangan Community as the leading actor which has a big hand in the decision making and activities to be carried out then the stakeholders should put their position as a party favour. Other parties that have a role, ITN Malang for instance, provides escort and input of the concept but understand that the final decision is on the people's side.
Then, motivation and trust are built into commitment. Commitments heavily influenced by mutual trust and mutual understanding. The stakeholders' commitment to the collaboration process can eliminate the obstacle that often arises because of differences of opinion, the characteristics, and interests among actors.
With the commitment, one can reach the purpose of joining the collaboration.
In the collaboration management in the development of Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism, the Pentahelix actors require that each stakeholder undertake a commitment to the collaboration agenda. To Collaboration requires capacities to support the collaborative activities that will stiffen stakeholders involved. Capacity is often defined as the level of ability to provide a facility that is usually expressed as a form of output. In the context of Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism development, the collaboration capacity could be seen from the activity carried out and its procedural and institutional agreements, leadership, knowledge, and resources.

c. Collaborative activities Tourism Development Heritage Kajoetangan in Malang
Collaboration activities refer to the joint efforts of the Pentahelix stakeholders involved to overcome the problems and achieve the agreed objectives in the collaboration. Collaboration activity is often defined as activities that directly conducted jointly by stakeholders involved in the process of collaboration. However, The collaboration activities not only collective but also can be done individually by one of the participants in the collaboration (Emerson & Nabatchi, 2015). Thus, the collaboration activity can be done by oneorganization stakeholder alone or many stakeholders, but still has to refer to the objectives and aspects that Kajoetangan and the Tomb of Mbah Honggo. Then, the event is followed by a fair and music entertainment, announcements competition between RW (smaller municipality in Kajoetangan). After that, the launching was continued with a jug breaking ceremonial indicating the opening of Kajoetangan heritage tourism by the Regional Secretary of Malang.
Soak Ngalam as the business assisted in the form of production of 50 pairs of t-shirts with the theme of Kajoetangan Heritage. The products were offered and sold to the visitors at the inauguration ceremony.
Malang heritage community was also involved in the preparation and the inauguration. That is because Malang heritage community provided advice and input that support Kajoetangan Heritage tourism as well as the aids during the process of cleaning the village and the opening preparations. In fact, at the inauguration, the MHC took part in telling the story to the visitor, while for the media, City Guide FM, did the broadcasting and promoting the event.
2) Tourism Management Training to Pokdarwis Kajoetangan The training aims to make the tourist attractions in Malang of eligible standards. Outlined herein are the fulfilment of public facilities and infrastructures such as toilets, hotels, and restaurants. The Department of Culture and Tourism of Malang also teaches how to use social media for promotion such as Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. In addition, training of tour guides includes the use of foreign languages especially English which will be used when serving international guests. Moreover, the information boards must use good English to facilitate foreign tourists. This training was expected to raise eligibility standards for international tourism.

3) Mapping All Potential in Kajoetangan Heritage
The mapping activities were carried out are to look, observe, and select and sort all potentials in implemented. Perspective and identify the results of their collaboration refers to the transformation or changes in the quality and quantity for the physical aspect, environmental, social, economic, and political (Emerson & Nabatchi, 2015). The results of the collaboration in the development of Kajoetangan  The dynamics of the collaborative process show that in the determination of the principles, shared motivation and capacity, the stakeholders involved in Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism development has not been able to maximize their respective roles. This is because the stakeholders did not always participate and be active in every encounter and dialogue. Building trust and commitment have been reinforced with the MoU between ITN and MHC and Pokdarwis Kajoetangan, but it did not involve all the stakeholders. In addition, procedural capacity, leadership, knowledge, and resources that support the collaboration process is not in balance because they lack procedural collaboration by the Malang city government as well as the lack of resources and facilities from the government budget.
In the implementation of the collaboration, not all the actors actively participated in the activities; only some of the actors were showing keen interest. One of the collaborative activities carried out was in the form of the opening ceremony. In the ceremony of Kajoetangan Heritage Malang, some vital Pentahelix stakeholders were involved including the community as a host, the government as the inaugurator, Soak Ngalam as a promotional partner for Kajoetangan's products, City Guide FM that campaigns through the media, and Malang heritage community who helped people in preparation. Besides, there is also a mapping of all the sites at Heritage that involve academics, MHC and the society, as well as a Carnaval with the theme Save Malang and Malang Strudel as a promotional item involving government and society. However, these activities were not a particular or planned work program of the Department of Culture and Tourism of Malang City in the development of Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism. Meanwhile, City Guide FM and Soak Ngalam in the implementation of the collaboration only occur in some activities that do not need a big hand in it. Most activities also more focused on enhancement aspects such as on the development of infrastructure, facilities, and accessibility.
The overall process of this collaboration results and impacts in the form of, first, increased income for the Kajoetangan communities. Second, knowledge of the community in the area as well as the citizens about the heritage, history, and existing buildings in Kajoetangan are also increased. Third, the public starts to raise the awareness on public hygiene and neatness in Kajoetagan village.
Further, although the collaboration was undertaken by the context of collaborative governance, some problems appeared. The problems and challenges include the lack of coordination between stakeholders so that only certain stakeholders that are often participated. In addition, the Department of Culture and Tourism quite lacked in managing the program of the activities and budgeting. Moreover, there was the absence of full regulatory support for the entire Pentahelix stakeholders so that it can be inhibitory to the commitment particularly of the City Guide FM and Soak Ngalam who were not fully involved in the development Kajoetangan Heritage Tourism.