E-Government Based Education Policy Innovation Through E-Panrita Application (Online Attendance Study for Teachers at SMAN 3 Luwu)

Innovation and policy in the public sector are two terms that complement each other. Every policy, in content, must in principle contain innovations. This study aims to understand the innovation of e-government based educational policies through the application of E-Panrita on online attendance for teachers at SMAN 3 Luwu. The type of this research is qualitative research with descriptive research by delivering the data collection techniques direct observation to the study site, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that the innovation of the E-Panrita application seen in the product, where there is a change in teacher absence at the E-Panrita application product which previously teachers absent with a manual system and now with an online system to make the Disdik easier in monitoring teachers every day and the pre-existing facilities have fulfilled, but it still needs improvement. Now teachers can do the absence simply by using their mobile phones or gadgets. Furthermore, the method, in the form of strategies in the innovation of E-Panrita policies is such as socialization in each region. The supporting and inhibiting factors of E-Panrita application education policy innovation in online absenteeism for teachers at SMAN 3 Luwu are supporting factors including resources, regulations, teacher commitment and technology. Inhibiting factors include the network and individual understanding of the teacher.


INTRODUCTION
The government as a leading actor has a function and a role as the highest policy-makers within a country. The policies were issued for the sake of the development's implementation as well as managing and organizing the societies. Development success is largely determined by the ability of authorities to formulate a program or policy and then implemented by government officials and community groups participate together in implementing programs or policies that have been decided. Efforts should be made in relation thereto which optimizes the use of Information and Communication Technology. The use of technology, information and communication have spawned bureaucratic mechanisms form the new government now called the electronic government (e-government).
E-Government is part of the process of public policy innovation. As said in the United National Department of Economic and Social Affairs public sector innovation can also be defined as the development of new policy designs and new standard operating procedures by public organizations to address public policy issues (Sururi, 2017). New policy for countries that adopt it without looking at outdated or more programs that have been approved by the state before (Tyran & Sausgruber, 2003). The successful application of innovative processes to improve governance, public administration performance and to effectively address public issues (Glor, 2007). To be effective, the public and the government must first commit to cope. They should also identify effective strategies and techniques to do it, and create mechanisms to develop the skills and values to make it happen. The innovation process of public administration aims to modernize the administrative capacity and create a more efficient government and accountable (Batalli, 2011). Innovation also affects the improvement of public management, public policy implementation and stimulate economic growth. Therefore, the State's role becomes more as "Waitress society" of the "Ruler".
Based on the opinion of the experts, the researcher concludes that policy innovation is a new policy adopted by the state, in which in this case innovation is present as a product in solving policy problems that occur in the community. Various efforts have been made by the government and even by various countries with the use of technology, information, and communication to improve bureaucracy performance and administration. The use of technology, information, and communications has given rise to a form of bureaucratic mechanisms new government, which is now called the electronic government (e-government).
The term of e-government refers to the use of information technology by government organizations so that these organizations become more effective and transparent. With the e-government expected a better service to the community, the organization's internal effectiveness increasing government and public access to information on the environment is becoming increasingly easier administration (KASE, 2010 Development of E-Government which states that the development of e-government is an attempt to develop the implementation of governance electronically to improve the quality of public services effectively and efficiently. Since the president's instructions were issued, almost all regions in Indonesia already have a lot of progress, for example, many regions already have official websites ending in go.id. Although basically, the egovernment is not only to show the system of government through online. Besides, government and education also depend on technology, information, and communication because education has a strategic role in setting quality generation for the sake of the future. Education as a major part of efforts to establish a human resource (HR) expected by the nation.
In the field of education, teachers are the factors determining the success of educational policies applied by each school, because teachers are the human resources that become planners, perpetrators and decisive achievement of a goal of education. Teachers as part of the school organization members will more easily achieve the high effectiveness of the work if it has the correct behaviour and commitment as well as realize the importance of their role in education. The problems of education that often we encounter today is seen from the aspect educator or teacher. There are still many teachers who have not run as it should be an educator to educate, teach, and train students and many teachers also that level of discipline is still lacking. In such a case, we know the teacher has an important role considered the most responsible in the operation of school-level education. It happens if constantly left unchecked would cause a significant adverse impact as an educator or teacher is an important aspect in the delivery of quality for future generations.
In that regard, South Sulawesi Education Agency pays more attention to the competence problem and integrity of teachers and education personnel. The results of the evaluation and monitoring of factual directly targeting up to schools in remote districts showed integrity teachers and education personnel is still not evenly distributed. The same thing happened in some schools in urban areas, which showed low awareness of educators. This is reflected comply with the discipline of teaching hours. Various regulations and instruments to build collective consciousness perceived teachers and education personnel has not been able to overcome the existing problems. Adopting the sophistication of information and communication technology devices and adapt to the digital era, E-Panrita is a part of education policy. The policy referred to here is a set of rules as a form of partiality of the government to build an education system, by the ideals of the desired joint. The overall education policy formulation process and outcomes of education strategic steps outlined on the vision, the mission of education to realize the achievement of the goals of education in a community for a certain period (Nugroho & Riant, 2008). In this context, E-Panrita of a government education quality improvement efforts increase the professionalism of teachers.
Application of E-Panrita has been created and developed by a team of IT education in South Sulawesi. The concept of the application and the control room is made by the Department of Education's IT team, while Telkom is as a facilitator of network connectivity. This application contains several features such as attendance online to teachers, E-Learning, video conference (v-con), entertainment and news, E-Poll, the data education teacher, E-budgeting and CCTV every school in the province.
From a number of the features of the E-Panrita, attendance online for teachers is a feature implemented in various high school (SMA) in South Sulawesi. Schools applying one of these features are State Senior High Schools, SMAN 3 Luwu, located in Luwu as an effort to improve the discipline of educators (teachers). Schools were selected as the study site because it is quite far from the capital city of South Sulawesi, Makassar, and was quite successful in implementing the E-Panrita application. With this app, the teachers at school would not hesitate to skip teaching because teacher attendance will be recorded when he came to teach, rest, and go back home. This means that all activities of the teachers will be monitored directly by the Provincial Education Department.
In applying the Online Attendance for teachers at SMAN 3 Luwu believed capable of monitoring the presence of a teacher, it is still not running optimally. Because there are teachers who do not understand how to operate the online absentee application and still constrained on the network at any time could worsen.
Automatic teachers who came at 07.00 am could be recorded in the E-Panrita enter school at 09.00 due to a bad network. Based on the results of monitoring from the South Sulawesi Education Agency the same obstacle is felt by many remote schools, especially those who have difficulty getting good network access.

A. The innovation of Education Policy Based on E-Government Through the Application of E-Panrita in
Online Attendance for Teachers of SMA 3 Luwu Referring to the concept of policy innovation, in the public sector innovation and policy are two terms that complement each other. Innovation comes as a new product and its nature replace the old way. Likewise, the nature of the policies is present to replace the old policies. This means that every policy, in content, must in principle contain innovations. Therefore, innovation is very important to help make it easier to implement every policy made. From this explanation, this study will describe the innovation of egovernment based education policies through the application of E-Panrita on online attendance for teachers of SMAN 3 Luwu. There are three innovations in E-Panrita applications, namely: (1) Products, (2) Processes and (3) Methods. There are three results of the assessment as follows:

Products
This innovation departs from changes in the design and product of a previous service. Products consist of physical (goods) as well as non-physical or immaterial (services) that can support the implementation of E-Panrita policy innovations in online attendance for teachers at SMAN 3 Luwu (Muluk, 2008). In improving the quality of education, the South Sulawesi Education Office makes an educational application service product named E-Panrita, where this product has several features of educational services, one of which is online attendance for teachers. The online attendance system for teachers on E-Panrita application products is different from the previous absence system, while previously teachers were absent with a manual system. Now, teachers are absent with an online system that can be monitored directly by the South Sulawesi Education Office through the E-Panrita application.
Based on the results of interviews with eight informants, it was concluded that the product innovation from education policy innovations based on e-government through the application of E-panrita in online attendance for teachers namely E-panrita is an educational application product specifically designed for digital education services in South Sulawesi. This educational service product is designed differently from the previous educational service, in this service product, high school / vocational teachers in South Sulawesi are no longer absent with the manual system but now online. The system above is supported from the results of an interview stating that this E-panel committee departed from the innovation of the Head of the Office related to how to make education services effective and made it easier for us to monitor activities in schools based online, Interview with FR, 18 June 2019.
This e-panel began with visits to schools by the Department of Education and found that the learning process was hampered due to the absence of teachers so that we designed an educational application that could directly monitor the situation in all schools in South Sulawesi so that there was no more learning process abandoned. In online attendance for teachers, there are three safeguards namely time, location and picture/selfie. For facilities and infrastructure supporting the innovative products of the E-panrita policy, the Education Office has provided a room world used to monitor the attendance of high school/ vocational teachers in South Sulawesi every day. For some schools that are still not reached by the network, we enter in the category of remote areas where we help with internet/satellite internet so that all teachers in South Sulawesi are evenly distributed online, interview with AS, June 19, 2019.

Process
This process refers to the existence of ongoing quality updates and the integration of changes, procedures, policies, and organizing needed by the organization to innovate. The process consists of standard operational procedures, systems and budgets used in the innovation of the E-Panrita policy (Muluk, 2008). A process in making a product will cost, time and effort on both product providers and product users. In operational activities, an organization must simplify the work process to obtain efficiency, or find a completely new process by leaving the old operating process to leap achieving the work of the organization.
In the education policy innovation in the application of E-panrita, the South Sulawesi Education Office has made an e-Panrita application by issuing a budget of 150 million coming from the South Sulawesi regional budget. The expected outcome of this innovation is that the discipline of teaching staff increases so that the quality of education in South Sulawesi, in general, can be better and more competitive.
Based on the writer's observation, it can be concluded that in the implementation of E-Panrita, especially in the online attendance of teachers, there are still obstacles but at present the application of the new E-Panrita Optima, the constraints have begun to be overcome. A thousand teachers attend E-Panrita every day. There are no SOPs related to E-Registrita but they are already regulated in the South Sulawesi Governor Regulation and the procedures for implementing them are contained in the E-Registrar guidebook. For teachers who do not attend attendance at E-panrita, the Education Office has not yet applied a punishment but only rewards or awards such as free pilgrimages for teachers are diligently absent at E-Panrita.
In the process of implementing online attendance, networks are not yet stable or sometimes even absent at school, in which the information on locations read on E-Panrita is outside the area. In terms of our obvious absence in the school area and there are also mobile phones of some teachers who cannot install the E-panrita application. But for E-Panrita Optima which is currently being used, the slow network constraints have been reduced, what else when we are simultaneously absent and so far E-Panrita has made quite a good chance because we have tried to arrive on time, meaning that the discipline of the teachers has increased in appeal before the E-panel app. We have been watched over by Disdik Sulsel every day ", AB interview. 10 June 2019.

Method
The method is a new change in the aspect of interaction by the customer or a new way of providing a service. The method consists of new methods and techniques carried out by the Department of Education in providing education services (Muluk, 2008). By utilizing currently increasingly sophisticated technology, the South Sulawesi Education Office facilitates online-based education services. Various activities at school can be monitored directly at Disdik without having to dive into the location anymore.
The method used by the South Sulawesi Education Office in introducing its policy innovation products is by conducting outreach to all branches of the department in the regions so that teachers can better understand the aims and objectives of making educational services in the form of applications.
From the results of interviews with informants, it can be concluded that the method used by the South Sulawesi Education Office is to continue making efforts to disseminate to all regions in South Sulawesi so that the application of special E-panel for online attendance runs according to its function, namely to improve the discipline of teachers. Furthermore, when this has been realized, education in South Sulawesi will be better.
In the E-Panrita application, we provide a new educational service by utilizing technology that is currently quite sophisticated, one of which is online attendance for teachers. Now teachers only use their mobile phones to be absent by simply downloading the E-Panrita application. The strategy used to introduce this application is by conducting socialization at the branch office level and to schools in South Sulawesi, interview with FR, 18 June 2019.

B. Supporting Factors And Inhibitors Of E-Government Based Education Policy Innovation Through the
Application of E-Panrita in Online Attendance for Teachers of SMAN 3 Luwu

Supporting Factors
The success of policy innovation is strongly supported by resources whether it is human resources (HR) and other supporting resources. In the education policy innovation on the application of E-Panrita specifically online attendance for teachers in SMAN 3 Luwu seen from the readiness of teachers to undergo a change from manual absence to online absence, the response of teachers in welcoming changes in manual absence to online absence, as well as facilities and infrastructure used in supporting the innovation of e-government based education policies through the application of E-Panrita on online attendance for teachers in Luwu High School 3.

a. Resource
The capacity element is a resource needed in the development of e-government so that the concepts that have been created can become a reality. Three resources must be owned, namely: Availability of sufficient financial resources to carry out various e-government initiatives. The availability of adequate information technology infrastructure because it is 50% of the keys to the successful implementation of e-government. The availability of human resources who have the competence and expertise needed to implement e-government can be by the expected benefits based on the results of the Harvard JFK School of Government study (Nugraha, 2018). Based on the author's observations on resources, a teacher at SMAN 3 Luwu can be said to be ready in applying the online attendance in the E-panel application. This is seen from the teachers' knowledge about the application of online attendance and their ability to use the E-Panrita application. As the results of the interview said before we applied online attendance, we had the rules. So, I immediately socialized to the teachers in the school, interview with AR, 12 June 2019.
The readiness of the teachers of SMAN 3 Luwu in using online attendance was quite ready. In addition to the socialization from the school principal, several of them have known beforehand. The change in manual absence to online absence is not something to be afraid. The teachers already know and are ready to carry it out. This is supported by the results of an interview which said that before the school principal announced we also knew. I am ready to support this application. Facing the change in the system of absence from manual absence to online absence, we must be prepared in line with technological developments that are currently Teachers of SMA Negeri 3 Luwu is the teacher's commitment as the target of policy innovation as the results of interviews with informants who said that in making absences the teachers could no longer entrust absences as is usually done in manual absence because, in the E-Panrita application, every time a teacher is absent and they will immediately be seen at the centre every day ", Interview with AR, 12 June 2019.
Individual motivation: this can be either extrinsic or intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation arises from within an individual, for example, a commitment to a program because of personal identification with it. While extrinsic motivation arises from outside the individual, for example, managerial control or some form of gift or incentive from outside. Intrinsic motivation allows a higher level. Look for problems and solve problems compared to extrinsic motivation (Glor, 2007).
Based on the results of interviews with informants, it became a supporting factor in the innovation of egovernment based education policies through the E-Panel application on online absenteeism for teachers of Luwu High School 3 is teacher commitment means teachers when they are committed they will not leave each other absent, as is the case usually done when using attendance or manual attendance as well as also online attendance is simpler because only by using the mobile phone each teacher has installed the E-Panrita application. After online attendance, we as teachers must commit to absent every day on the E-Panrita application and we can say this online attendance is simpler because we only need to use our mobile phones for absences. This also reduces administrative work done manually ", Interview with AB, 10 June 2019.
The teachers have committed to attendance online every day so that the level of teacher discipline increases. The concern of being late and absent and supervised directly by the South Sulawesi education office makes teachers more aware to arrive on time. Overall with the existence of e-panel applications the quality of learning in schools is better.

d. Technology
The development of science and technology is a supporting factor in the innovation of e-government based education policies through the E-Panrita application on online attendance for teachers. With the technology and information that is developing rapidly is the first step to prepare themselves to face renewal in the future. To overcome this, the government, especially educational institutions should be able to balance it by organizing programs or following the times.
As the results of the interview, the informant said with the development of science and technology currently increasing rapidly, we provide educational services in the form of applications, which are now known as E-Panrita where this application designs by combining all education services digitally. One of them is online absenteeism for teachers, who used to be absenteeism manually or signatures now they attend online using so easily and quickly. This is a fact that globalization has changed the lives of people, which of course has to gain such great benefits (KASE, 2010).
Based on the results of interviews with informants, supporting factors in the innovation of e-government based education policies through the application of E-Panrita in online attendance for teachers in SMAN 3 Luwu is technology because with current technology more advanced every government agency competes to make wrong innovations only the South Sulawesi Education Office utilizes technology by creating an education service that makes it easy for them to monitor high schools / vocational schools in the regions. Technology is already sophisticated, everything is an online system, for attendance we have already used a cellphone in which there is an E-Panrita application. In E-Panrita we do absences every day whether or not there are teaching hours we have to keep going to school to do absences, Interview with EY, 11 June 2019.

Inhibiting factors
Inhibiting factors can make the activities that have been done can not run properly. An innovation or program that is initiated will find several obstacles including the application of e-panel which is constrained by the network and individual understanding of teachers about policy.

a. Network
In the education policy innovation on the application of E-Panrita, a good network is needed to facilitate the teachers in accessing the E-Panrita application but in its application, the teacher still complains about the unfavourable network. According to an interview with an informant who said that the unstable network makes us sometimes constrained in absenteeism, we were absent at seven o'clock in the E-Panrita at nine o'clock because all the networks are sometimes good and sometimes it suddenly gets bad ", Interview with EY, 11 June 2019.
Based on the results of interviews with informants, the network is a major factor in achieving the objectives of the E-Panrita application. It's just that the network is sometimes unstable and has not been evenly distributed in the area making this application especially in the online attendance many complained of by the teachers. There are still areas that are difficult to reach by the network and even there is no network at all, so this makes schools in the area still difficult to use online attendance. These schools are included in the category of remote area schools.
Teachers have tried to be on time but because their fingers are late to be absent. The statement was supported from the results of an interview that said that in the implementation of E-Panel on online attendance, uneven networks were also an obstacle because there were still some schools that were still difficult and even could not be reached by the network. So that the school is included in the category of remote area schools and we are also looking for solutions related to this so that teachers at the school can also use attendance online ", Interview with US, June 19, 2019. Understanding individual teachers related to policy innovation is important because when teachers understand the existing policies, the policy will be carried out without a hitch. In the innovation of educational policy in the application of E-Panrita teachers still do not understand in using the application as said by one informant in school, sometimes I am confused by this application ", Interview with AB, 10 June 2019.
Based on the results of interviews with informants, there are still teachers who do not understand how to use the E-Panrita application, if the parties from Disdik Sulsel routinely carry out socialization related to E-Panrita which is carried out in every Service Branch in the region and also provided a WhatsApp group for each information about the E-Panel and group they can use to ask each of what they do not fully understand.
Some teachers still lack understanding regarding how to use the E-Panrita application for online attendance.
We recommend that before being absent the teacher should pay attention to the cell phone's GPS whether it is at a suitable location or not.
There are ordinary teachers whose cellphones use technology that is not too sophisticated and are absent, usually if the cell phone is like that, we have to monitor it first through google maps, is this correct position to ensure that the point is in school because the GPS quality of each mobile phone is different. It's different if we use a sophisticated cellphone, GPS real-time every time we move it also follows. Unlike ordinary android phones that do not guarantee real-time GPS. So, before being absent, monitor first what the point is right at school, now if we are absent. when absent this is read within the school area, Interview with LI, 19 June 2019.

CONCLUSION
The innovation of E-Panrita applications in online attendance shows 3 indicators, namely: 1) Product, in improving the quality of education, the South Sulawesi Education Office makes an educational application service product named E-Panrita. This product has several services features one of them is online attendance for teachers. The online attendance system for teachers on E-Panrita application products is different from the previous absence system, previously teachers were absent with a manual system now teachers are absent with an online system that can be monitored directly by the South Sulawesi Education Office through the E-Panrita application. In online attendance for teachers, there are three safeguards namely time, location and picture/selfie. 2) The process, in the innovation of educational policy on E-Panrita applications, the South Sulawesi Education Office has made an educational application product that works more specifically on online attendance for teachers. Now teachers can do absences simply by using their mobile phones or gadgets. 3) Method, South Sulawesi Education Office continues to make efforts to disseminate throughout the region so that the application of E-panrita especially in online attendance runs according to its function of increasing the discipline of the teachers and now can be seen teacher discipline has begun to increase after the existence of this application. Factors that influence e-government education policy innovation through the application of E-Panrita in online attendance at SMAN 3 Luwu include supporting factors, namely resources, namely teachers of SMAN 3 Luwu can be said to be ready in applying online attendance in the application E-Panrita. This is seen from the teachers' knowledge about the application of online attendance and their ability to use the E-Panrita application. Then the regulations related to policy innovation, teachers at SMAN 3 Luwu are currently using their online attendance absent as outlined in the South Sulawesi Governor Regulation No. 154 of 2017.
Furthermore, as a teacher must commit to absent every day in the E-Panrita application. Sophisticated technology through online attendance makes it easy for the South Sulawesi Education Office to monitor teachers. While the inhibiting factor is that in its application teachers still complained about unfavourable networks in the regions in making online attendance through the E-Panrita application, the understanding of some teachers is still very low in implementing the E-Panrita application.