Construction of Middle School Students (SMA) Against Political Education (Phenomenology Study of State High School 3 Malang Students)

Please Cite This Articel As : Basuki agus priyana, Construction of Middle School Students (SMA) Against Political Education (Phenomenology Study of State High School 3 Malang Students): Journal of Local Government Issues (LOGOS), https://doi.org/10.22219/LOGOS.Vol2.No2.225-243 Construction of Middle School Students (SMA) Against Political Education (Phenomenology Study of State High School 3 Malang Students)


INTRODUCTION
In the last few years, especially in Malang City, an interesting phenomenon has emerged related to relations between high school students, schools, parents of students, and the government.If observed, the relationship between students and schools raises the tendency of students to be more 'comfortable' at school or more and more students spend more time at school.Several reasons accompany this phenomenon, such as doing assignments, participating in extracurricular activities, preparing for competitions, taking part in Intra-School Student Organizations (OSIS) and Class Representatives (PK), as well as various other activities.The point is they are associating, deliberating, negotiating, to set a vision and goals to be achieved together.
The second relation, which is between students and parents of students.The majority of parents aggressively encourage their children to engage in physical and organizational activities, even 'politics' in the scope of schools in interest organizations and leader cadre organizations such as OSIS and PK.However, on the other hand, there is a reluctance of students and parents to talk politics in a broader scope, as in the context of state administration.Students call themselves fond of organizing to the level of managing and leading but do not want to be called political.
The third relation, namely between students and the government.The government has a political interest in preparing students to become full citizens, including in political affairs.In collaboration with several institutions related to the political process such as political parties, the General Election Commission (KPU), and the Election Oversight Body (Bawaslu), the government is very active in disseminating political processes to students as beginner voters.This can be interpreted that the government wants students to have a view, especially in the political field, as the view desired by the government.
The phenomenon of high school students' interest in organizing has led to a form of passion.The term hobby is not quite right because, at this level, they are swamped and intensively involved in organizations, starting from the community of similar interests, to ideology-based communities.They follow a variety of organizations so that sometimes they take up a lot of formal learning time that they should have taken.If their formal study time is between 45-53 lesson hours in one week, then the involvement those in the organization reach 20-25 hours of study.It can be imagined how busy the students are in organizing.
Students' interest in organizing is channelled into various platforms.In the most straightforward category, there are standard student organizations, namely Intra-School Student Organizations (OSIS) and Class Representatives (PK).Students often refer to the student council as an executive body and the executive board of PK as a legislative body.Almost all organizations that students participate in have oral and written provisions.Written provisions in the form of the Articles of Association and by-laws.In it explained the main things such as the name of the organization, position, goals, membership, organizational structure, management, management election mechanism, management tenure, distribution of authority, performance teams.The activities of each successful team varied, from installing posters of candidates equipped with photos and excellent programs to making pins and using social media.When voting, the committee no longer uses paper media for ballots.Instead, applications were made in computers and laptops for voting facilities.Voters (consisting of students, teachers, and employees) have been given a password to be able to open the 'vote screen'.On the Suara vote screen 'a photo of the candidates is displayed so that voters can click on the desired candidate.In the third stage, the results are published.With the end of the election deadline, the results can be known a few minutes later.This is a series of political events at the school in which political education is contained.
Political education in schools with quite an extended period requires much energy, and drains many thoughts does not seem to be followed up as expected.Based on interviews with the Chairperson of the PK and focus group discussions with PK management participants, data were obtained that not all PK administrators who became the implementing committee understood the function and meaning of the electoral stage as a whole.Moreover, the knowledge and experience of being an implementer will be followed up and developed into a choice of profession in the future.
Likewise, what happens to short-listed and unselected candidates and their successful teams.From interviews conducted separately, it turns out they did not understand the function and meaning of the electoral stage as a whole.After a focus group discussion, the lack of understanding of the function and meaning of this stage also occurs in each candidate's success team.As a result, they are not interested in pursuing a profession related to politics.Though substantively, they have a stock of knowledge as a result of political education that has been undertaken.
The reluctance of students to follow up on the process and results of political education in schools needs to be studied further.In the initial interview of the study of the parents of the Student Council Chairperson and Chairperson PK found two answer groups.First, parents provide full support to their children when involved in various activities nuanced political education at school.This is evidenced by the various facilities and opportunities given by parents to their children.Second, in the question section related to the utilization of political education in schools, the majority of parents do not allow their children It needs to be reiterated that political education is primarily the activity of rearranging norms, rules and values that have so far existed and efforts to present new values.Like the intelligence process, this activity prepares the process of transferring knowledge, forming individual positive attitudes, and shifting behaviour towards a more dignified order.The building of political education is ideally a construction of cognitive, psychomotor, and attitude aspects.It is just that the phenomenon that arises at this time administrative buildings are often narrowed down into voting activities during elections.
The discussion of the relationship between political education and the state also impacts the discussion of power, decisions, policies, and distribution of power.There is no doubt that political activity will end in the acquisition of power.Furthermore, power will be filled in the activities of decision making, policymaking, and to achieve balance and effectiveness; power distribution will also be carried out.Thus political education constructed by the public will impact on many things, including participation and stability of the country.
Another reason to position political education as an essential thing is because of the emergence of the phenomenon of decreasing numbers of population participation (say: voters) over the past 20 years.Based on data released by the General Election Commission (KPU), during the four elections in the reformation era (in 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2014), the number of people who had the right to vote increased by 17.3% -21.7%.
However, what is very ironic is precisely the decline in voter turnout.Strangely, the increase occurred in the case of mass rage related to the election results, and the election results lawsuit, the practice of money politics, and the high cost of 'politics'.This symptom is allegedly the failure of political education that is being applied today (Michael and Althoff 1997); (Asshiddiqie 2013).
Starting from the intensive involvement of students in political education activities but the lame follow-up, it needs to be questioned why this happened.That is why the problem of this research is focused on how the actual construction of high school students towards political education.Furthermore, the research aims to describe and understand the construction of high school students in political education.The general use is finding propositions related to the construction of political education.

LITERATURE REVIEW
In order to determine the author's position in this study, some relevant prior studies are presented first.Presented four previous studies that are relevant to this study.
The political moment, especially the Presidential Election, presents the results of the electability survey of candidates.To understand this, adequate statistical literacy is needed by students to be able to read the survey results properly.The teacher becomes an essential factor in providing political education for students as novice voters to have critical literacy in reading statistics.Mathematics education can then collaborate with political education within the school environment The generation of Indonesian high school children had a relatively low political awareness in viewing the political realities that occurred around them.In order for students to be sensitive to political dynamics, schools need to facilitate the improvement of learning (political education) that can be done through Civics, OSIS activities, extracurricular activities and other activities such as workshops and training to provide political information to students Students do not fully understand beginner voters in the Election of Regent and Deputy Regent Districts on 15 February 2017, students' knowledge of the electoral techniques and how being a smart voter.
That is why the Lembata Regency Regional Election Commission (KPUD) through the District Election Committee (PPK) needs to conduct direct socialization through direct methods to classes like the teaching process.This is very useful because students can directly understand the technicalities of the elections and become critical voters.
Election of OSIS Chairperson (PILKAOS) at SMAN 9 MALANG in 2015 can be an excellent political education for students.Students can be trained to convey aspirations, choose, be responsible, cooperation, honesty and togetherness.This process does take a long time so that it gets complaints from students' parents because sometimes it clashes with other school agendas that are so crowded.This research, although there are similarities with the eighteen research topics that have been discussed, there are some differences.The main difference lies in the use of theory.In previous studies, the theory used is generally social theory combined with communication theory, mass psychology theory, economic theory, and political theory.However, in this study, two theories are used, namely social construction and learning constructivism.Furthermore, related to background, there are also differences because this research is based on the phenomenon of increasingly enthusiastic students in community and organization, but students tend not to be interested in power and pursue the profession as politicians.
In addition to aspects of the use of theory and background, another difference lies in the determination of informants and research subjects.This is different from similar studies discussed because they generally use random sampling.

Political education
Political education is the climax of good general education.This statement stems from a phenomenon that occurred in England in the 1970s when the secondary school curriculum discussed more subjects such as history, language, and geography than social science, governance and politics in a broader context.Civic education at the secondary education level must exist, both for self-interest and the benefit of the public, let alone merely feed the learner to a higher range, namely the university (Crick and Heater 2012).
Another review mentioned that political education is the reconstruction of the values that have existed and built new values.Typically education, this provides a process of transformation of knowledge, the formation of individual attitudes and changes in the intended behaviour.The first aspect, concerns the cognitive dimension, while the second and third aspects are affective and behavioristic (Soeprapto, Susilasti et al. 2015).Thus political education has essential and strategic meaning because it moves citizens (voters) to have adequate political knowledge, as well as awareness of the importance of an ideal political system and intelligent and critical political behaviour.
Political socialization in terms of the method of delivering messages can be divided into political education and political indoctrination.Political education is a dialogical process between the giver and receiver of the message.In contrast, political indoctrination is a one-sided process when the authorities mobilize and manipulate citizens to accept values, norms, and symbols that the ruling party considers ideal and suitable (Surbakti 2010).

Research Theoretical Framework
The 3. Analyze more deeply by coding data.4. Implement the coding process to describe the settings, people, categories, and themes to be analyzed.
5. Demonstrate how these descriptions and themes will be restated in the qualitative report.
6. Interpreting or interpreting data, for example, by asking the question "What is the meaning that can be drawn from all this?" RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There are three variations of answers related to the concept of political education.The first variation mentions that political education is a guide for residents to elect governors and deputy governors as well as guidelines for choosing mayors and deputies.Directions and guidance are given in the hope that the people (voters) will not become abstentions or deliberately do not use their right to vote.
The second variation related to the concept of political education is education so that people participate in the selection of members of the DPR, the president and vice president or state authorities.This concept implies that election refers to a person to lead a group of people or individuals chosen to represent.
Once again, the research subjects did not mention the election of DPD members.In this variation of the word, education is not spelt out but found in the form of details or explanatory form of the words participating and member selection.
The concept of political education in the third variation of answers is guidance and teaching to the audience, including high school students in the form of lectures, simulations, and practices, so that they are skilled in choosing leaders.In a narrower scope, that is school, is teaching students to know so that they can choose student council and extracurricular officials who can be trusted, smart, and capable.The hope is to brighten student council activities and advance extracurricular activities.If the student council and extracurricular activities advance, the school will become advanced too.
The diversity of understanding of political events has an impact on the concept of political education.
When the concept of political education is associated with the role of the individual as the Chairperson of the Student Council or PK, several variations are found.First, to formulate the concept of political education, individuals still refer to the most significant political events surrounding them.This is evident in the explanation that political education is a guide to choosing governors and mayors.Second, the concept of political education is formulated by the individual by referring to his role as Chair of the Student Council or PK.The role is interpreted as the task of organizational leaders in the school environment to plan, invite others, decide on steps, divide tasks, report, and account for.Another explanation is the problem of power leaders ranging from planning power, the process of gaining power, sharing power, evaluating power, and reporting it.
Third, individuals formulate the concept of a political education by integrating their roles as OSIS Chairperson or PK and surrounding events.The combination of roles and surrounding events can be explored from the statement that political education is socialization to friends, teachers, and employees related to shared goals, such as electing leaders, mandating power to legislators, and prosecuting corruptors.
Based on the data of the first group, the concept of political education is determined by the events surrounding the individual and the role that the individual has.
The second data group consists of the implementation of political education in student activities.The intended implementation is motivation to lead, ownership of a successful team, to the distribution of power and their consideration.Found the concept of political education in line with the motivation to lead, successful team ownership, and power-sharing.The second variant found the concept of political education in line with the motivation to lead and the ownership of a successful team but not in line with the distribution of power.
The third variant of the concept of political education is in line with the motivation to lead but not in line with the ownership of the victorious team and the division of power.The fourth variant of the concept of political education is not in line with the motivation to lead, ownership of a successful team, or the distribution of power.
Of the ten research subjects, motivation to be the Chair of the Student Council and the Chair of the PK is very diverse.Found research subjects who do not have the motivation to lead, motivation comes from the environment (parents, student council / PK board, and peers), self-motivation, and motivation to lead because they are forced.Furthermore, it was found that the reason for being the Student Council President or PK Chair was due to a sense of kinship, obsession with benefits, diversion from gaming addictions, getting out of the comfort zone, desire for power, self-actualization, antisocial nature therapy, and dialectical models between challenges and opportunities.
Based on the second data group, the implementation of political education in student activities has several variations.This is determined by the motivation to lead, the ownership of the victorious team, and the power-sharing mechanism.'scientific discipline'.As a form of anticipation, the designation of the object, content, or content of political education is used.This step was relatively successful until several data groups were obtained.Almost all research subjects did not specifically mention the content of political education.All answers tend to be very general, such as the content of political education being able to bring people closer to the government, about how to manage the country, the ability to communicate, strengthen a sense of responsibility, skills to persuade others, political ethics, how to achieve goals, how to choose and lead, know differences executive and legislative branches, and knowledge of one's relationships with others.
The second part of the object of study of political education in subjects related to the election of OSIS / PK Chairperson as part of political education.Found a group of subjects that are accepted by students in learning in schools and science groups outside the subjects in school.The first group is Civics Education, language, history, mathematics, sociology, economics, information technology, religious education, and arts.
The second group is psychology, political science, political science, and the science of social change.
The exciting part related to this subject is the explanation of the research subject to the stages in the general election.The research subjects were found to explain that Civics and language subjects play an essential role in the preparatory stage of voting.The reason is that in the Civics lesson, there is material about the transfer of power, the procedure for electing and being elected, the management of the state, and the function of representation in a democracy.Still, in the preparation stage, it is said that language has a vital role because in it there is an activity of communicating ideas and persuading others to agree with these ideas.
At the general election stage, strictly related subjects are mathematics and information technology.I have called mathematics because of the predominance of the activity of counting votes, percentage, vote ranking, and so on.Furthermore, information technology is said to play a role at this stage because the reporting mechanism is tiered, starting from the lowest to the very top.Also, the publication of election results as the peak of the election involves the information technology network.
The first object of political education is the rules, its contents in the form of the Articles of Association (Bylaws) in the scope of OSIS / PK activities.Furthermore, in the form of laws with a broader scope because it accommodates national and state activities.Regulation in the form of this law can be focused on discussing election issues, the system of representation, the role of the executive and legislative branches, or the rule of the state in general.In addition to rules, the process of the formation of rules can also be developed into an object of political education.Knowledge, skills and attitudes are the next objects of political education.The realm of knowledge such as procedures for exercising rights, procedures for choosing and being elected, procedures for sharing power when leading, and procedures for taking responsibility for power.The skill dimension is the ability to communicate, persuade, work in teams, and the ability to find problems and offer solutions.The realm of attitude in the form of obedience, responsibility, innovation, and most importantly is ethical.
The next study is subjects related to political education.Found several variations of answers in the form of groups of subjects indoctrination, mindset development, and improvement of skills -indoctrination subject groups such as religious education, Civics, history and psychology.Next, the mindset development group, for example, social science and the science of community development.Finally, subjects to improve skills, for example, language, economics, mathematics, and ICT.
All research subjects named Civics Education first.The reason is, some of these study chapters discuss political education specifically, ranging from the rights of citizens to the rights of state and state administrators themselves.Other subjects called randomized research subjects are language, history, economics, religion, psychology, sociology, art, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT).This second group of subjects is often referred to as leader support lessons because it is based on knowledge, skills and attitudes.
The next data exposure is subjects related to the election of OSIS / PK Chairperson as part of political education.This study is similar to the previous section but focuses on the view that there are certain subjects related to the selection of OSIS / PK Chairperson as part of political education.There are three groups of lessons, starting at the stage before the election, at the time of the election, and after the election.The stage before the selection of the essential subjects Civics, followed by history, language, and economics.At the time of the election, Civics subjects are still needed in a capacity as a basis for regulation, mathematics and ICT as supporters.After the selection, language and ICTs are needed to communicate and account for the results of the election.
Discussion of subjects related to the election of OSIS / PK Chairperson as part of political education is not much different from the previous discussion.The research subjects provided a reason or supplementary explanation in the form of the contribution of the lesson.Civics Education is said to be related to the election of OSIS / PK Chairperson because it provides leadership provisions from the preparation stage to the transfer of power.Likewise, for language, economics, sociology, and history.This is different from ICT lessons because it is limited to the selection and publication of election results.implementation, objects, and benefits, applying dialectics between individuals (high school students), society (student organizations), and knowledge (political education) that takes place in the order of moments of externalization, objectivation, and internalization, while 'output' follows the moment of socialization and resocialization to the stock of knowledge.
The findings of this study are called the dual construction theory of political education.It is called a double construction because high school students' construction of political education follows the intelligence operations of constructivism theories such as external environmental pressures, reflections, incomplete conditions, groping, and assimilation, as well as applying dialectics of social construction theory with moments of externalization, objectivation, internalization, socialization, resocialization, and stock knowledge.
The results of this study have the potential to be further developed.Apart from all theoretical, methodological and analytical deficiencies, the following suggestions can be submitted.First, the executive For informants were Civics teacher and parents of students, Please Cite This Articel As : Basuki agus priyana, Construction of Middle School Students (SMA) Against Political Education (Phenomenology Study of State High School 3 Malang Students): Journal of Local Government Issues (LOGOS), https://doi.org/10.22219/LOGOS.Vol2.No2.225-243 while the subjects of the study were the Student Council Chairperson and the PK Chair (Class Representative).
next reason is related to regulations imposed by the Ministry of Education and Culture.Since the end of the International Standard School Pilot Project (RSBI) in 2014, SMA Negeri 3 Malang has become a pilot project for Model Schools and Referral Schools.Model schools mean schools with proper management and results used as a pattern or role model, while referral schools mean schools that are worth referring to and are emulated because of their excellence in delivering graduates to be accepted at state universities.Other considerations are achievement factors and superior programs.The Ministry of Education and Culture in 2016 ranked Malang Public High School 3 in eighth place.Another achievement is the accreditation "A" with a value of 93, which was achieved in 2016.The informants of this study were Civics teacher (Anisah Hariati, S.Pd.), parents of students (Neti and Virda), and student council coaches.The research subjects totalled ten people as OSIS Chairperson and PK Head of Malang 3 Public High School in 2013-2017.Retrieval of data against the Chairperson of the student council and the head of PK is done when his term of office has passed, or he is still in office.Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation.Next, the data were analyzed using the Creswell model with the following steps.1. Process and prepare data for analysis.Please Cite This Articel As : Basuki agus priyana, Construction of Middle School Students (SMA) Against Political Education (Phenomenology Study of State High School 3 Malang Students): Journal of Local Government Issues (LOGOS), https://doi.org/10.22219/LOGOS.Vol2.No2.225-243 2. Read the entire data.
The third data group contains a discussion of the objects of political education, subjects related to political education, and subjects related to the election of OSIS / PK Chairperson as part of political education.Before digging up data in the form of objects of political education, the terminology used about political education is used.This step was not responded well by research subjects because of the unknown Please Cite This Articel As : Basuki agus priyana, Construction of Middle School Students (SMA) Against Political Education (Phenomenology Study of State High School 3 Malang Students): Journal of Local Government Issues (LOGOS), https://doi.org/10.22219/LOGOS.Vol2.No2.225-243 Conceptualization of third group data that the objects of political education are interpreted as material, content, or content needed in political education.The stages of the political process determine its diversity and its use pragmatically.Please Cite This ArticelAs : Basuki agus priyana, Construction of Middle School Students (SMA) Against Political Education (Phenomenology Study of State High School 3 Malang Students): Journal of Local Government Issues (LOGOS), https://doi.org/10.22219/LOGOS.Vol2.No2.225-243Dual Construction Chart for Political Education CONCLUSION The construction of high school students on political education in the form of concepts, implementation, objects, and benefits, follows the five operations of Piaget's theory of constructivism such as external, reflective, incomplete circumstances, groping, and assimilation, but with different dominance and sequence.Construction of high school students on political education in the form of concepts,