Green and Tropical Laboratory for Sustainability

Tropical laboratory research to support sustainability issues: A systematic literature review

H. Husamah, Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, Ahmad Adnan Mohd Shukri — Sat, 31 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: The study of tropical laboratory research to support sustainability issues is very urgent to ensure that efforts to conserve and utilize natural resources in tropical areas can be carried out effectively and sustainably.

Objectives: This SLR focuses on analyzing research trends in relation to “tropical laboratory research to support sustainability issues”.

Methods: This SLR will provide a relatively complete analysis so that it can inspire research activities for researchers, especially in countries that do not yet have a high interest in this aspect. This investigation constitutes a SLR to systematically identify, assess, and analyze all specific research inquiries, topics, or areas. The sequence of inclusion and exclusion was using PRISMA. Data simulation uses "Analyze search results" which is available on the Scopus system. To enrich data and analysis, the data was exported to *CSV format (for visualizing data process with VOSviewer and RStudio) and *RIS (for synchronized with Mendeley). The final result of this process was 17 articles that met the criteria and were worthy of analysis.

Results: We discuss the findings related to Tropical Laboratory Research to Support Sustainability Issues based on the established research questions.

Conclusion: Publications related to tropical laboratory research for sustainability have shown significant fluctuations since 2004, with the majority of publications coming from the United States. While there is potential for future growth, it is important to increase funding support and collaboration between countries to make this research more effective in supporting sustainability.

Immunostimulanting effect of jackbean flour on non-specific immunity of mice in vitro and in silico

Riris Dewi Retnowati, Moh. Mirza Nuryady, Elly Purwanti, Sri Wahyuni, Iin Hindun — Sat, 31 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) contains protein and secondary metabolite compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids that can have potential as antioxidants, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antiviral.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of giving jackbean flour as an immunostimulant on non-specific immunity of mice in-vitro and in-silico.

Methods: This type of research is double methods research with a comparative method and uses an experimental design in the form of a Randomized Group Design and in-silico testing with the NCBI website. Mice with a total of 16 heads were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely the Negative Control group (P0), Dose 1 (P1) with a solution of jackbean flour as much as 2.3 g, Dose 2 (P2) as much as 4.6 g, Dose 3 (P3) as much as 9.2 g. The hemagglutination test was carried out on mice with a total of 16 mice. The hemagglutination test was carried out on the 15th day after giving the flour solution, then tested the content of active compounds in koro pedang in silico according to the literature review of previous research from the website which contains active compounds, namely canavanine, concanavalin A and B.

Results: The results of in-vitro research show that the most influential dose for hemagglutination is P1 with a dose of 2.3 grams, characterized by almost all wells on the microplate there is concentrated clotting, and there is significance (p < 0.05) which means there is a difference in the effectiveness of jackbean flour solution as an immunostimulant from each dose.

Conclusion: This study concluded that jack bean flour, especially at a dose of 2.3 grams, effectively enhanced non-specific immunity in mice, as evidenced by significant hemagglutination results. Therefore, jack bean flour has the potential to be a natural immunostimulant in improving immune health and fighting infections.

Identification histological structure of femur and antebrachium Oryctolagus cuniculus as a biology learning

Aliffian Nisa’ Cholida, Sri Wahyuni — Sat, 31 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Preparations are used as learning resources in histology practicum, for this reason, it is necessary to seek various ways to improve the quality, one of which is the manufacture of femoral and antebrachium preparations of Oryctolagus cuniculus. The rubbing preparations were obtained through the microtechnical method by boiling and rubbing the bones as thinly as possible.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the histological structure of the femur and antebrachium tissue of Oryctolagus cuniculus which could be observed microscopically through bone rub preparations.

Methods: This research method is descriptive. The research sample is taken from the femur and antebrachium Oryctolagus cuniculus. The data collection method was by direct observation of the preparations using a microscope and documented using an HP Realme camera directly from the microscope. The data analysis technique was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. The research was conducted at the Biology Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Results: Unstained femur and antebrachium preparations of Oryctolagus cuniculus show parts of the haversian system, namely Canalis havers, Osteocytes, Lacunae, Canaliculi, Lamella, and Canalis Volkmann.

Conclusion: The research results can be used as learning resources or histology practicum media.

Neem leaves (Azadirachta Indica) and Jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac): A toxic combination of Aedes aegypti

Putri Ayu Irodah, Moh. Mirza Nuryady, N. Nurwidodo — Sat, 31 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: The high number of cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia indicates the lack of diseases prevention caused by mosquito vectors. Chemical control efforts can cause resistance to mosquitoes, so it is necessary to have natural insecticides derived from plants, one of which is neem and jasmine which has active ingredients as larvicides.

Objectives: This research aims to analyze the effect of different concentrations of extracts from neem (Azadirachta indica) and jasmine (Jasminum sambac) leaves on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae.

Methods: This research is true experimental research using 7 treatments, there are negative control group using distilled water and a positive control group using 1% abate and 5 treatment groups using combination of extracts from neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and jasmine flower (Jasminum sambac) with concentration ratio 0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, dan 100%:0%. In this study, it is used Aedes aegypti larvae taken by landing collection in Nguling, Pasuruan.

Results: The results of identification of larvae showed that the larvae taken were Aedes aegypti larvae in terms of morphological characteristics. The results showed that the combination of 50%: 50% concentration caused a lot of mortality in larvae and obtained LC50 from the extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) and jasmine flower (Jasminum sambac) was 253,57 µg / mL.

Conclusion: Extracts from neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac) can be used as an candidate alternative to Aedes aegypti larvicide.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Malang Regency: What is the resistance status to malathion 0.8%?

Jihan Ully Agustin, Siti Zaenab, Moh. Mirza Nuryady, Tutut Indria Permana — Sat, 31 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) carried by the Aedes aegypti has become a health problem in Karangploso, Singosari, and Lawang Districts. The vector control program implemented by the government is fogging. Fogging contains an active material malathion which can hit adult mosquitoes. Excessive use of malathionic active ingredients can lead to vector resistance.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the resistance status of Ae. aegypti to malathion 0.8% in Karangploso, Singosari, and Lawang Districts, as well as community behavior in controlling dengue disease.

Methods: Type of research is a descriptive observational study with cross sectional approach. Data was obtained through susceptibility tests in the laboratory and observations of public attitudes in controlling dengue disease through a Google form survey. The data was presented in tabular form and discussed descriptively. The results showed that the mortality percentage of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Karangploso District was 98%, Singosari 96%, and Lawang 98%, all of which were in the tolerant category.

Results: The results of observations to the community showed that the community already knew the most common breeding sites for Ae. aegypti larvae is bathub and the way people control dengue fever using several types of household insecticides, namely spray, burn, and anti-mosquito lotions.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the resistance status of Ae. aegypti in the three sub-districts are classified as tolerant and the community already knows the most preferred breeding sites for the Ae. aegypti, but the way people control DHF is still using some household insecticides that may increase the status of Ae. aegypti becomes resistant.