Community-Based Tourism: Strengthening understanding and assistance in establishing tourism awareness group

This article contains a description of the results of the coomunity service program carried out by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta in assisting the establishment of the pokdarwis institution in Sendangarum Village. The vital role of the pokdarwis institution in managing tourism potential and cultivating a tourism-aware attitude in the community is the background for carrying out the service program. The implementation method has five stages, but only three implementation stages are core, such as providing outreach, strethening community understanding of pokdarwis and assisting the formation of pokdarwis. The result show that the provision of pokdarwis materials to the people of Sendangarum is intended to strengthen understanding of tourism village institutions up to the flow of forming pokdarwis. Furthermore, the community is given assistance in forming pokdarwis institutions. The process of assisting the formation of pokdarwis chairman, forming management and assisting the preparation of AD/ART documents up to the work program. Furthermore, the second stage is carried out by accompanying and facilitating the community to make proposals to the Village Government through village forums.


INTRODUCTION
Tourism development has become one of the government's ways of increasing economic growth in Indonesia, especially the village economy (Hakim et al., 2019) . The abundance of potential natural resources and cultural diversity owned by villages in Indonesia is the basic capital in building tourism through the development of tourist villages (Asmoro & Da'awi, 2020) . A tourist village can be defined as a village that has unique potential and unique tourist attractions such as the physical characteristics of the rural natural environment as well as the social and cultural life of its people (Wijaya et al., 2016) . Through the development of tourist villages, it can absorb labor and drive the economy of rural communities through innovation, adaptation and collaboration. Nevertheless, the development of a tourist village needs to be supported by a tourism-aware attitude from the community in creating a conducive climate for the growth and development of a tourist village (Murianto et al., 2020) Creating a tourism-conscious attitude in the community is sometimes a challenge in building a tourism village. This is because an attitude of tourism awareness is the key to the development of a tourist village, especially in realizing the seven charms of a tourist village object (Polonia & Ravi, 2021) . Not a few tourist villages in the end are no longer of interest to tourists because of the mental or moral factors of the local community which make tourists uncomfortable (Umam et al., 2020) . This is the reason for the need for a tourism village institution that can manage tourism, accommodate aspirations, participate and educate the public through tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis). Pokdarwis plays a vital role in improving the quality of the village attraction program and creating a sense of belonging to the local community towards the progress of the tourism village (Tyas & Damayanti, 2018) . Despite playing a vital role, not a few tourist villages have not yet formed a Pokdarwis institution as a driving force for village tourism (Asmoro & Da'awi, 2020) Sendangarum Village is an example of a village in Sleman Regency which has been designated as a tourist village but does not yet have or form a Pokdarwis institution.
The not yet formed Pokdarwis institution is influenced by the status of a tourist village in Sendangarum which is still categorized as a pilot or tourist village infrastructure which is still relatively limited and awareness of tourism potential has not fully grown. Even though it is still categorized as a pilot tourism village, Sendangarum Village has tourism potential which can become a basic capital for tourist attractions in the form of a natural rural environment that is still beautiful, the agricultural sector, fisheries and animal husbandry, arts and culture to handicrafts and local culinary products (Erwinsyah et al., 2020). A number of these tourism potentials are planned to be developed with the concept of an education-based tourism village such as agro edutourism or a concept that combines the principles of tourism and the agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors as well as art edutourism or a concept that combines the principles of tourism and cultural arts in accordance with the dominance of the tourism potential possessed by the village. Sendangarum.
It is hoped that the concept of edutourism can bring village profits by attracting potential tourists such as students who have a great interest in edutourism (Devica et al., 2021) . The development of this concept requires having quality tourism management and fostering a tourism-conscious attitude towards the people in Sendangarum through the Pokdarwis institution as an institution that has a role in driving tourism villages. Referring to existing regulations, namely Regulation of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Number 40 of 2020 concerning Tourism Awareness Groups and Villages/Tourism Villages, the flow of forming pokdarwis in Sendangarum needs to pay attention to aspects of community involvement and village administration through village forums (Suardana et al., 2012). The most basic stage is to build awareness among the people of Sendangarum Village about the importance of Pokdarwis as an institution in tourism management (Baizal, 2020). Furthermore, assistance is needed to oversee the community in forming Pokdarwis in accordance with existing regulatory provisions to obtain confirmation and guidance from the SKPD in charge of tourism affairs in Sleman Regency (Firman, 2021).
Based on this and remembering the vital role of Pokdarwis as an institution driving village tourism and creating a tourism-aware climate, the Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) also took part in contributing and collaborating with the local community and the Sendangarum Village Government to form a Pokdarwis institution in Sendangarum Village. This assistance contributes to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals, especially number eight, ensuring livelihoods and economic growth (United Nations, 2023). This is because the formation of Pokdarwis is not only expected to manage tourist objects but also has competence, legitimacy or legality and creates a conducive climate for tourism growth and development so that it can grow the local community's economy.

METHOD
The method of implementing this activity is divided into five stages of the program, namely first the socialization of the program to be implemented. Second, raise public awareness of the importance of managing tourist villages through Pokdarwis. The third is carrying out assistance in forming Pokdarwis institutions. The fourth is program monitoring and evaluation. Fifth, program follow-up plan. Details to find out the stages as well as a detailed explanation of the implementation of activities can be seen in the Figure 1. Implementation of this program aims to introduce the community to the program to be implemented (Sutrisno & Achmad, 2021). The implementation of the program is divided into three stages such as providing socialization, strengthening community understanding of Pokdarwis and assisting in the formation of Pokdarwis (Fatchurrohman, 2018).

Strengthening Public Understanding of Pokdarwis
The implementation of this program will involve resource persons who are experts in forming Pokdarwis. This program aims to provide an overview of the community and village government in forming Pokdarwis in accordance with existing regulations (Budiani et al., 2018). So it is hoped that with this program, it can become a community foundation and strengthen understanding in forming Pokdarwis (Yulianah, 2021).

Assistance in Establishing Pokdarwis
Program implementation will focus on assisting the formation of Pokdarwis with reference to existing regulations (Wijayaningsih et al., 2021). The implementation of the assistance will be carried out in five stages, namely: first, assisting in the creation of the organizational structure and vision and mission of Pokdarwis, second, assistance in submitting proposals to form Pokdarwis to the village government; third, bridging Pokdarwis with the Sendangarum village government to hold village meetings; fourth, accompanying and overseeing the village government's verification of the proposals submitted to obtain the results of verification of a feasible proposal in the form of a lurah recommendation letter; fifth, assisting in submitting the inauguration/obtaining of Pokdarwis Decrees to work units that carry out tasks and functions in the tourism sector in Sleman Regency (Yulianah, 2021).

Program Monitoring and Evaluation
The implementation of this program will monitor and evaluate the programs that have been implemented by giving questionnaires to the Pokdarwis management that has been formed, such as their understanding of the important role of the Pokdarwis from the various materials that have been given along with their main tasks and functions (Pakpahan, 2018).

Follow up plan
Follow-up plans are carried out with the aim of formulating program implementation that has not been achieved in the implementation of the previous program (Umam et al., 2020). Referring to the results of program monitoring and evaluation, the program follow-up plan is expected to create a climate of sustainable service.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sendangarum is one of the villages in Sleman Regency which has been designated as a tourist village. The background to the designation of Sendangarum as a tourist village is the potential location that can be developed into a tourist attraction, such as a beautiful rural atmosphere, expanses of agricultural land, plantations, animal husbandry and fisheries (Hakim et al., 2019). In addition to the agro sector, Sendangarum Village has the potential for arts and cultural tourism which has been passed down from generation to generation by the ancestors of the local community. Culinary and handicraft potential is also part of the tourism potential that can be developed and has the potential to grow local community profits through product marketing (Wijayaningsih et al., 2021). A number of these potentials have been documented and can be seen in the Table 1. Arts and culture Sendangarum Village has various arts and culture such as jathilan, wayang orang, ketoprak, shadow puppets and other arts. 7 Handycrafts The handicraft sector is dominated by woven bamboo crafts which produce food containers, accessories and other bamboo handicraft products. 8 Culinary Culinary in Sendangarum Village includes getuk, bakpia, chips and the production of shredded catfish.
Based on the tourism potential in the table it is planned to be developed with the concept of an education-based tourism village such as agro edutourism or a concept that combines the principles of tourism and the agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors as well as art edutourism or a concept that combines the principles of tourism and cultural arts in accordance with the dominance of the tourism potential by Sendangarum Tourism Village. This concept has the potential to attract tourists from among students who have a great interest in edutourism. The hope is that the development of a tourist village with the concept of edutourism can lead to growing profits for the village community (Muyasaroh & Aushaf, 2022) . Nevertheless, the role of tourism awareness groups or pokdarwis is very vital in managing and fostering a tourism awareness attitude in Sendangar Village.
The absence of village tourism institutions such as Pokdarwis has become an obstacle for Sendangarum in developing its tourism potential. So that the formation of Pokdarwis institutions becomes an urgent thing to do. Through contributions and collaboration, UMY with local communities and the Sendangarum Village Government divided three stages of program implementation including socialization to strengthen understanding in forming tourism awareness groups. Second, provide assistance in forming Pokdarwis starting from the election of the chairman to the preparation of the organizational structure (Nuryatin et al., 2022). Third, strengthening the capacity or understanding of the main tasks and functions of Pokdarwis after they are formed. The fourth evaluation of program implementation.

Program Socialization and Initial Understanding Regarding Pokdarwis in Sendangarum Village
As a tourism village that is classified as a pilot, not a few people in Sendangarum Village do not really understand the definition, role and main tasks and functions of the Pokdarwis itself. This is because not only are the facilities and infrastructure factors limited, but awareness of tourism potential in the community has not fully grown (Hanana et al., 2017) . Pilot tourism villages such as Sendangarum are in the process of developing towards a tourism village, requiring assistance from various parties to identify, develop and market tourism potential. Of course, facilitating the process of developing a tourist village cannot be done by involving the entire Sendangarum community.
Tourism village institutions such as Pokdarwis need to be formed to accommodate the ideas, suggestions and criticisms of the many people (Hanana et al., 2017). Providing education in raising tourism awareness and managing tourist objects is an inseparable part of the role of Pokdarwis. Nevertheless, institutional formation needs to be supported by public knowledge of the legal basis, main tasks and functions of the Pokdarwis itself (Suryandari, 2020) . The socialization carried out by the Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) does not only aim to inform the assistance program that will be implemented but also to become an introduction to the people of Sendangarum about Pokdarwis. A number of materials related to Pokdarwis institutions were delivered to the public. The details of the material and its contents can be seen in the Table 2. Pokdarwis Formation Flow This material contains the stages of the flow of forming Pokdarwis in accordance with applicable regulations through village meetings as a requirement to obtain a Village Head Decree which will later be submitted to the related Tourism SKPD.
The Table 2 shows that the delivery of socialization was not only carried out with the aim of conveying the activity program design but also the initial introduction of the community to Pokdarwis. The initial stage is carried out by conveying the socialization of the program design to the community regarding the program to be implemented. After that, it was continued with the introduction of Pokdarwis which contained material on the definition of Pokdarwis, main duties, and the legal basis for Pokdarwis. The final stage is closed by submitting flow material or the process of forming Pokdarwis in accordance with the applicable legal basis (Prasetyo & Nugroho, 2022). These five stages are expected to foster public understanding of the Pokdarwis institution before assistance is carried out to form the Pokdarwis institution. The flow of the stages of this program along with the objectives of implementing this program can be seen in the Figure  2. The stages in the picture above present two program presenters who are divided into two, namely: First, presenters from UMY whose role is to inform the program design to the public. Second, the speaker involved the Chairperson of the Pokdarwis Wonokerto and the Management of the Tourism Village Communication Forum in Sleman Regency. The involvement of these two presenters is intended to provide information regarding Pokdarwis and its formation as described in the table above (Supriatna et al., 2022). The selection of these two speakers was based on practical experience and theoretical understanding. So that it is expected to be able to transfer knowledge related to Pokdarwis to the people in Sendangarum Village (Sanie & Prabawati, 2021).

Assistance in Establishing Pokdarwis Institutions in Sendangarum Village
Growing community understanding in Sendangarum Village towards Pokdarwis in the first program, one of which aims to provide information and knowledge to the community about the stages or process of forming Pokdarwis institutions in Sendangarum Village. Communities who have gained knowledge regarding the formation of pokdarwis facilitate assistance in forming pokdarwis (Susanto et al., 2022) . The establishment of the Pokdarwis was carried out by referring to the Regulation of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Number 40 of 2020 concerning Pokdarwis/Tourism Villages. This is intended to prevent proposals from being rejected by the village and regional governments because the formation procedure is not in accordance with the existing legal basis. The stages or process of forming Pokdarwis carried out in this assistance can be seen in the Figure 3.

Figure 3. Stages/Process of Establishing the Pokdarwis Institution in Sendangarum Village
Based on the stages of forming Pokdarwis in the picture above, it is known that there are six stages in forming Pokdarwis institutions in Sendangarum Village. The first stage was carried out by first determining the head of the Pokdarwis in Sendangarum Village. The appointment of a chairman is considered urgent because later he will have the authority to determine Pokdarwis members and jointly develop a vision and mission, work programs and strategies for developing other tourism potential (Abdurrahman et al., 2021) . The election of the chairperson was carried out by gathering community leaders from all over the hamlets, which totaled nine hamlets. The figures involved include hamlet heads, tourism activists, business actors, artists and humanists. Furthermore, each hamlet appoints a hamlet representative as a candidate for the chairman of the Pokdarwis to be elected. Representatives who have been appointed are separated and gathered in one room for deliberation to determine the chairman of the Pokdarwis. After the deliberation is over, the elected Pokdarwis chairman is announced in front of the entire hamlet ( Figure 4).  Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2023, pp. 271-282 Furthermore, the elected chairman is given assistance to determine his membership and form the Pokdarwis management structure. Referring to Governor Regulation No. 40 of 2020, the Pokdarwis management has at least fifteen members drawn from community leaders in each hamlet. The Pokdarwis management was elected by the chairman, the assistance was continued by forming the Pokdarwis structure by dividing each position such as chairman, deputy chairman, secretary to treasurer and a section in charge of affairs as needed. Later, the organizational structure that has been formed will carry out the duties and functions according to the section for five years. The formation of the Pokdarwis organizational structure at a later stage will facilitate assistance in compiling the Pokdarwis statutes, bylaws and internal Pokdarwis regulations (Khairunnisah, 2019) .
Assistance in the preparation of the articles of association and bylaws (AD/ART) aims to regulate the term of office of the board, implementing operations, income, costs and accountability. The existence of this document plays an important role as a reference for administrators in managing the Pokdarwis organization (Abdi et al., 2022) . Apart from the AD/ART, the preparation of internal regulations is no less important as a basis for management to move the organization (Suharsono et al., 2021). The preparation of this document also functions as an administrative requirement for the validity of Pokdarwis to obtain legality or a decree from the government and related SKPD. So that UMY saw that after the management was formed, the next step that had to be taken was to immediately compile these three documents as a reference in moving the Pokdarwis organization. Assistance in preparing the vision and mission as well as work programs has also received attention by fully involving the community in its preparation through deliberations. UMY did not play a role or intervene in the deliberations, but only acted as a facilitator and mediator in the deliberations ( Figure 5).

Figure 5. Assistance in the Preparation of the Articles of Association and Other Documents as well as Documentary Evidence of Compiled Documents
The management structure has been formed and documents such as AD/ART and internal regulations have been formed. The next stage is to make a proposal to form a Pokdarwis to the Sendangarum Village Government through village meetings (musdes). The implementation of the musdes involves elements of the Sendangarum Village Government such as the head of government affairs and the head of planning and development affairs. In addition, village meetings involve all hamlets and community leaders. The Musdes discussed a number of important points conveyed by the Pokdarwis chairman, such as discussing the urgency of establishing Pokdarwis, the management of Pokdarwis and the influence of Pokdarwis on the development of a pilot tourism village in Sendangarum Village. In addition, the village meeting discussed the Pokdarwis management proposals, AD/ART documents, work programs and the vision and mission of the organization.
The important thing is why UMY provided assistance in the formation of the management structure to the preparation of the Pokdarwis document is as capital that can be considered by the Sendangarum Village Government during the holding of village meetings. If the community does not prepare from the start, such as the formation of management and documents as materials to be proposed and discussed, the potential for the Sendangarum Village Government to reject the community's proposal is very large. On the other hand, if the material to be proposed has been prepared before the village meeting, the potential for the proposal to be accepted is the same. Considerations The Sendangarum Village Government stated that it agreed to the proposal to form a community pokdarwis. This decision will later be marked by the issuance of a decree from the Head of Sendangarum Village as proof of the validity of the formation of the Pokdarwis. The issuance of the Village Head's Decree will be followed up as a condition for submitting to obtain legality from the Tourism SKPD in Sleman Regency to the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province.
The acceptance of the proposal to form Pokdarwis by the Sendangarum Village Government through the village meeting is just waiting for the issuance of a decree from the Head of Sendangarum Village. However, the issuance of the Village Head's Decree does not mean that the Pokdarwis management that has been formed cannot carry out its first activities. Instead, the Pokdarwis management can carry out its first activities while waiting for the process of issuing the Village Head's Decree and submitting a legality proposal to the related SKPD. The problem arose when the newly formed Pokdarwis management did not understand the main tasks and functions according to their respective sections. This is what is of UMY's concern to continue to provide assistance to solve these problems by facilitating the provision of material to the Pokdarwis board in the next program.

Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Pokdarwis have been formed through a series of programs that have been prepared including program socialization, introduction of Pokdarwis, formation and mentoring for Pokdarwis proposals, it is necessary to evaluate them to identify problems that occur during the implementation of activities. Identification of problems is needed to reconstruct the follow-up plan for the program to be implemented. So that the implementation of assistance carried out by UMY in developing tourism villages is sustainable. The evaluation was carried out by identifying the success of the first program in socializing and introducing Pokdarwis to the people of Sendangarum. The indicator of success in the first program is fostering public understanding of Pokdarwis including the definition, duties and functions, legal basis to the flow of formation of Pokdarwis. To find out if there is an increase in public understanding of Pokdarwis, a pre-test questionnaire was distributed before program implementation and a post-test after program implementation. The results of distributing the questionnaire can be seen in the Figure 6. Based on the results of the distribution of questionnaires carried out at the pre-test stage before the implementation of the program, it was shown that the participants did not really understand the Pokdarwis institution, including the definition of Pokdarwis, the main duties and functions of Pokdarwis, the legal basis for Pokdarwis to the path of formation of Pokdarwis. Furthermore, after the implementation of the program, the distribution of questionnaires was carried out again with the aim of seeing an increase in public knowledge of Pokdarwis. The results of the distribution of questionnaires or post tests show that there have been changes marked by increased public understanding of Pokdarwis. The questionnaire given contains the same question content as the distribution of the pre-test questionnaire. This increase in community understanding can be seen from the post-test results that have been processed in the figure 7.

Figure 7. Post-Test Results of Community Understanding of Pokdarwis
The implementation of the next program, namely assisting the formation of Pokdarwis institutions in Sendangarum, also received monitoring. Moreover, this program is the key to the success of the program or the core of program implementation. Indicators of the success of this program are the election of the Pokdarwis chairperson, the determination of the Pokdarwis management, the preparation of documents, vision and mission, work programs, the preparation of internal regulations, the implementation of village meetings, the issuance of SK Village Heads and SKPDs and the strengthening of Pokdarwis. The achievement of the success of this program can be seen from the results of the monitoring table below: Compilation of AD/ART Documents Achieved 4 Preparation of Vision and Mission Achieved 5 Compilation of Work Programs Achieved 6 Preparation of Internal Regulations Achieved 7 Musdes implementation Achieved 8 Issuance of village head decree Publishing Process 9 Issuance of SKPD Not yet published 10 Strengthening Pokdarwis Functions Not Reached The Table 3 shows that almost all success indicators in the Pokdarwis institutional formation program have been achieved. Although achievement status dominates, there are indicators of program success that have not been achieved, namely the issuance of Village Head Decrees which are in the process of being issued, SKPD SKPD which have not been proposed yet because they still have to wait for the issuance of the Village Head Decree as a requirement for submitting and strengthening the duties and functions of the Sendangarum Pokdarwis which has not been achieved because it is not included in the implementation target of the program. Nevertheless, the status that has not been achieved will be included in the follow-up plan for the mentoring program with the aim of strengthening the capacity of the Pokdarwis management in terms of main tasks and functions. In addition, the issuance of Village Head Decrees and SKPD SKPD will still be provided with escort in the submission and issuance process, so that it is hoped that the pokdarwis in Sendangarum Village will not only be formed but will have legitimacy or legality recognized by the Regional Government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Program Follow-Up Plan
Based on the monitoring and evaluation results, it was identified a number of programs that had not been achieved in program implementation. The program has not been achieved due to various factors such as the status of issuance which is still in process on the SK Village Head, the SKPD SKPD has not yet been issued because it is still waiting for the issuance of the SK Village Head as a condition for submission and the capacity building of Pokdarwis management has not yet been implemented in terms of main tasks and functions. This became UMY's record for formulating a follow-up plan for the program in assisting Pokdarwis in Sendangarum Village. The follow-up plan flow for the program to be implemented can be seen in the Figure 8. The picture above is a follow-up plan for UMY assistance to Pokdarwis Sendangarum. With programs that can be implemented, such as strengthening the capacity of Pokdarwis administrators, overseeing the issuance of SK Village Heads which are still in the process of being issued and assisting in the preparation and assisting in proposing local SKPD SKs. The target for success in the follow-up plan is to create Pokdarwis in Sendangarum Village who are competent as tourism village drivers and have legality recognized by the Regional Government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Another hope is that the Pokdarwis that has been formed can identify, develop tourism potential and foster an attitude of tourism awareness in Sendangarum Village.

CONCLUSION
The Pokdarwis institution plays a vital role in managing tourism and fostering a tourism-conscious attitude in the community. As a village that has been designated as a tourism village, Sendangarum Village does not yet have a Pokdarwis as a tourism driving institution. One of the factors that has not formed Pokdarwis is the status of Sendangarum Village, which is classified as a pilot tourism village. Based on this problem, UMY also contributed by collaborating with the community and the Sendangarum Village Government in assisting the establishment of the Pokdarwis institution. UMY is of the view that the formation of pokdarwis as a driving force for tourism in villages can develop their tourism potential and boost the classification of tourism villages in Sendangarum. In the process, UMY carried out two core programs including: First, program socialization to introduce the program offerings to be implemented and introduce Pokdarwis to the people of Sendangarum including the definition of Pokdarwis, the legal basis for Pokdarwis to the flow of formation of Pokdarwis. The next program is assisting the formation of the Pokdarwis institution including the election of the Pokdarwis chairman, assisting the management of the Pokdarwis and assisting in the preparation of documents such as AD/ART to work programs. Not only that, UMY facilitated village meetings (musdes) as a forum for the community to propose the formation of Pokdarwis institutions to the Sendangarum Village Government. Even though the Pokdarwis institution has been formed and has received approval from the Sendangarum Village Government, further assistance is still needed, such as overseeing Village Head Decrees, assisting in the preparation and proposing of SKPD SKPDs and strengthening the capacity of Pokdarwis administrators in terms of their main tasks and functions. So that it is hoped that the Pokdarwis in Sendangarum Village will not only be formed but will have competence and legitimacy or legality recognized by the Regional Government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta.