Reconsidering Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation in Indonesia: Perspectives from Large, Medium, and Small Audit Firms

Authors

  • Fitriany Fitriany Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  • Viska Anggraita Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  • Sandra Aulia Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  • Tarko Sunaryo Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  • Rio F Kiantara Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v15i4.42189

Keywords:

Audit Cost, Independence, Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation, Professional Skepticism

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to assess the perceptions of large, medium, and small accounting firms regarding the reconsidering of mandatory audit firm rotation (MAFR) in Indonesia, considering its impact on independence, professional skepticism, new perspectives, familiarity threats.

Methodology/Approach: This study used a quantitative approach, using questionnaires from auditors from three groups of accounting firms. These questionnaires were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test to identify significant differences between groups.

Findings: The study, with 235 respondents, showed that perceptions of MAFR in Indonesia vary across accounting firms. Small accounting firms support MAFR because they believe it maintains independence, strengthens professional skepticism, and opens up opportunities for new clients. Medium accounting firms are moderate, considering both the legitimacy benefits and the costs of rotation. Conversely, Big Four accounting firms view firm rotation as less necessary, as they rely on partner rotation, global reputation, and a strong internal quality control system.

Practical Implications: Although perceptions of MAFR differ across accounting firm groups, MAFR should continue to be implemented with the support of mechanisms such as comprehensive audit documentation and effective knowledge transfer to achieve the benefits of rotation without compromising audit quality.

Originality/Value: No research has been found comparing the perceptions of large, small, and medium-sized auditors regarding MAFR in terms of independence, professional skepticism, and audit costs, and statistically testing the relevance of MAFR in the Indonesian context following the revocation of the MAFR policy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali, Z., & Mustafa, G. (2023). On Accounting Firms Serving Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Review, Synthesis and Research Agenda. Australian Accounting Review, 33(3), 313–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12404

Bleibtreu, C. (2017). The Effects of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation on Big 4 and Mid-Tier Audit Firms Market Shares and Client Importance. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2981659

Cameran, M., Prencipe, A., & Trombetta, M. (2016). Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Quality. European Accounting Review, 25(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2014.921446

Carey, P., & Simnett, R. (2006). Audit Partner Tenure and Audit Quality. The Accounting Review, 81(3), 653–676. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.3.653

Chan, K. C., Farrell, B., & Healy, P. (2013). Audit Firm Rotation Concerns and Considerations. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 30(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i1.8297

Cheynel, E., & Zhou, F. S. (2024). Auditor Tenure and Misreporting: Evidence from a Dynamic Oligopoly Game. Management Science, 70(8), 5557–5585. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4944

Chi, W., Huang, H., Liao, Y., & Xie, H. (2009). Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation, Audit Quality, and Market Perception: Evidence from Taiwan*. Contemporary Accounting Research, 26(2), 359–391. https://doi.org/10.1506/car.26.2.2

Choi, J., Lim, H., & Mali, D. (2017). Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation and Big4 Effect on Audit Quality: Evidence from South Korea. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 13(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamjaf2017.13.1.1

De Jong, B., Hijink, S., & Veld, L. in ’t. (2020). Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation for Listed Companies: The Effects in the Netherlands. European Business Organization Law Review, 21(4), 937–966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-020-00193-w

De Ricquebourg, A. D., & Maroun, W. (2023). How Do Auditor Rotations Affect Key Audit Matters? Archival Evidence from South African Audits. The British Accounting Review, 55(2), 101099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2022.101099

Deliu, D., & Olariu, A.-M. (2023). The Orbital Dynamics of Auditor Firm Rotation: Implications for Auditor Independence and Audit Quality. Journal of Accounting and Auditing: Research & Practice, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5171/2023.173471

Elder, R. J., Lowensohn, S., & Reck, J. L. (2015). Audit Firm Rotation, Auditor Specialization, and Audit Quality in the Municipal Audit Context. Journal of Government & Nonprofit Accounting, 4(1), 73–100. https://doi.org/10.2308/ogna-51188

Federsel, F. P. (2025). Fresh‐look Effect of Audit Firm and Audit Partner Rotations? Evidence from European Key Audit Matters. International Journal of Auditing, 29(1), 160–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12364

Florio, C. (2024). A Structured Literature Review of Empirical Research on Mandatory Auditor Rotation. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 55, 100623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2024.100623

Garcia‐Blandon, J., Argilés‐Bosch, J. M., & Ravenda, D. (2020). Audit Firm Tenure and Audit Quality: A Cross‐European Study. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 31(1), 35–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/jifm.12098

Gerakos, J., & Syverson, C. (2015). Competition in the Audit Market: Policy Implications. Journal of Accounting Research, 53(4), 725–775. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12087

Harber, M., Duboisée de Ricquebourg, A., & Maroun, W. (2024). Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation: Initial Engagement Experience of Audit Committee Chairs and Engagement Partners. Accounting Forum, 48(1), 63–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/01559982.2022.2130812

Harber, M., & Maroun, W. (2020). Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation: A Critical Composition of Practitioner Views from an Emerging Economy. Managerial Auditing Journal, 35(7), 861–896. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2019-2405

Harber, M., Marx, B., & De Jager, P. (2020). The Perceived Financial Effects of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 31(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/jifm.12115

Horton, J., Livne, G., & Pettinicchio, A. (2021). Empirical Evidence on Audit Quality under a Dual Mandatory Auditor Rotation Rule. European Accounting Review, 30(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2020.1747513

Indyk, M. (2019). Mandatory Audit Rotation and Audit Market Concentration – Evidence from Poland. Economics and Business Review, 5(4), 90–111. https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2019.4.5

Jadiyappa, N., Hickman, L. E., Kakani, R. K., & Abidi, Q. (2021). Auditor Tenure and Audit Quality: An Investigation of Moderating Factors Prior to the Commencement of Mandatory Rotations in India. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(5), 724–743. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2020-2957

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs And Ownership Structure. In Journal of Financial Economics (Vol. 3). Q North-Holland Publishing Company.

Kalanjati, D. S., Nasution, D., Jonnergård, K., & Sutedjo, S. (2019). Auditor Rotations and Audit Quality. Asian Review of Accounting, 27(4), 639–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-10-2018-0182

Kamal, C. N. P. (2023). Auditor Independence And Its Influence On Accounting Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal Integration of Management Studies, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.58229/jims.v1i2.133

Kamarudin, K. A., Islam, A., Wan Ismail, W. A., & Jahan, M. A. (2022). The Effect of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation and the Auditing and Reporting Standards on the Auditor Competition and Audit Fees Relationship: Evidence from Emerging Markets. International Journal of Auditing, 26(2), 252–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12276

Kim, H., Lee, H., & Lee, J. E. (2015). Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Quality. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 31(3), 1089. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i3.9245

Lawrence, A., Minutti-Meza, M., & Zhang, P. (2011). Can Big 4 versus Non-Big 4 Differences in Audit-Quality Proxies Be Attributed to Client Characteristics? The Accounting Review, 86(1), 259–286. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.00000009

Lennox, C. S., & Wu, X. (2018). A Review of the Archival Literature on Audit Partners. Accounting Horizons, 32(2), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-51942

Lennox, C. S., Wu, X., & Zhang, T. (2014). Does Mandatory Rotation of Audit Partners Improve Audit Quality? The Accounting Review, 89(5), 1775–1803. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50800

Liu, Q., Zhao, L., Tian, L., & Xie, J. (2021). Close Auditor-Client Relationships: Adverse Effects and the Potential Mitigating Role of Partner Rotation. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(6), 889–919. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-07-2020-2770

Martani, D., Rahmah, N. A., Fitriany, F., & Anggraita, V. (2021). Impact of Audit Tenure and Audit Rotation on the Audit Quality: Big 4 vs Non Big 4. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1901395

McGregor, D. J., & Malambe, L. X. (2025). Empirical Evidence of the Effect of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation on Market Concentration in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v28i1.5808

Mohapatra, P., Dayanandan, A., Kuntluru, S., & A, A. (2021). Audit Partner Rotation, and Its Impact on Audit Quality: Evidence from India. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1938379

Nurbaiti, A., Thoi’ah, N., Fahlevi, A. R., & Khairunnisa. (2024). Audit Fees Determinants: The Impact of Firm Complexity, Managerial Ownership, And Partner Rotation. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 11(2), 253–270. https://doi.org/10.25105/v11i2.21106

Polat, L., & Eyupgiller, S. S. (2023). The Evaluation of Mandatory Audit Firm and Auditor Rotation: Literature Review. Pressacademia. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1705

Priyanti, D. F., & Dewi, N. H. U. (2019). The Effect of Audit Tenure, Audit Rotation, Accounting Firm Size, and Client’s Company Size on Audit Quality. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v9i1.1528

Ruiz-Barbadillo, E., Go´mez-Aguilar, N., & Carrera, N. (2009). Does Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation Enhance Auditor Independence? Evidence from Spain. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 28(1), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2009.28.1.113

Sayyar, H., Basiruddin, R., Rasid, S. Z. A., & Sayyar, L. (2014). Mandatory Audit Firm and Audit Partner Rotation. European Journal of Business and Management Www.Iiste.Org ISSN, 6(26), 80–83. www.iiste.org

Sharma, D. S., Tanyi, P. N., & Litt, B. A. (2017). Costs of Mandatory Periodic Audit Partner Rotation: Evidence from Audit Fees and Audit Timeliness. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 36(1), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-51515

Suhayati, E., & Dilyard, J. (2024). Auditor Rotation Impact on Auditor Independence and Its Implication on Auditor Performance. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 11(2), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v11i2.1632

Velte, P., & Loy, T. (2018). The Impact of Auditor Rotation, Audit Firm Rotation and Non-Audit Services on Earnings Quality, Audit Quality and Investor Perceptions: A literature Review. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 7(2), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i2_p7

Downloads

Published

2025-12-19