Efektifitas dari 6MWT untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Berjalan pada Pasien Gagal Jantung: Studi Kasus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/physiohs.v5i1.25997Keywords:
6 minutes walk test, gagal jantung, walking capacity, kapasitas berjalanAbstract
Dyspnea adalah salah satu manifestasi klinis dari gagal jantung (GJ) karena kurangnya pasokan oksigen akibat penumpukan cairan di alveoli. Penumpukan ini membuat jantung tidak dapat memompa darah secara maksimal. Dampak dari perubahan tersebut adalah peningkatan sensasi sesak napas pada otot-otot pernapasan dan mengakibatkan intoleransi aktivitas pada beban kerja yang relatif rendah, sehingga kapasitas fisik menurun seiring dengan penurunan kualitas hidup. Mengingat tingginya angka kejadian serta kematian akibat Gagal Jantung (GJ), fisioterapi memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dengan exercise rehabilitation, salah satunya adalah 6MWT. Exercise ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan toleransi aktivitas, sehingga dapat mengurangi gejala-gejala yang muncul, dan memberikan rasa nyaman dalam beraktivitas sehari-hari. Seorang Wanita NY. SZ berusia 76 tahun yang di diagnosis gagal jantung kongestif kronik grade 3 berdasarkan klasifikasi New York Heart Association (NYHA) et causa degenerative kontraktilitas myocard dalam 6 bulan terakhir. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus, yang dilakukan selama 4x pertemuan dalam 2 minggu, dengan alokasi waktu 45 menit setiap pertemuan. Pasien diinstruksikan untuk melakukan screening terlebih dahulu menggunakan tes 6MWT. jika hasilnya < 240 meter, latihan dilakukan pada kunjungan berikutnya, namun jika mampu menempuh jarak > 240meter maka latihan langsung dilakukan. Dosis dinaikkan 60%, 70%, 85% dari hasil tes awal. Hasil fungsional menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan secara klinis pada jarak tempuh berjalan dan peningkatan respon kardiorespirasi. Latihan ini aman untuk diberikan kepada pasien rawat inap dengan diagnosis gagal jantung, khsususnya pada lansia. Uji jalan kaki 6 menit secara efektif dapat menurunkan skala sesak napas, penurunan bengkak, dan peningkatan aktivitas fungsional.
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