Peningkatan kemandirian dengan terapi activity daily living pada penderita skizofrenia residual dengan indikasi intellectual disability
-
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/procedia.v13i2.39172Keywords:
Activity daily living therapy, gangguan skizofrenia, Intelectual disabilityAbstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder whose cause is not yet widely known and the course of the disease is not always chronic. In subject in this study, positive symptoms remained but were not prominent. While negative symptoms affect so subject tended to be assisted by their mothers. This condition made difficulties for subject, 34-year-old man, to carry out daily and social activities. Data was carried out through several assessments, including graphics (DAP, BAUM, HTP), Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), structured observation using the DSM 5 guide. The intervention given to the subject is daily living activity therapy that focuses on increasing independence. The results show that Activity Daily Living (ADL) therapy can help subject to perform self-care activities on their own accord. The subject’s family is given intervention including psychoeducation about the subject’s condition, how to care, support and provide assistance to the subject.
Skizofrenia merupakan suatu gangguan yang penyebabnya belum diketahui secara luas dan perjalanan penyakitnya tidak selalu kronis. Pada subjek dalam penelitian ini, gejala positif tetap ada namun tidak menonjol. Sedangkan gejala negatif mempengaruhi sehingga subjek cenderung dibantu oleh ibunya. Kondisi tersebut membuat subjek laki-laki berusia 34 tahun tersebut kesulitan untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari dan bersosialisasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui beberapa asesmen, antara lain grafik (DAP, BAUM, HTP), Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), observasi terstruktur dengan menggunakan panduan DSM 5. Intervensi yang diberikan kepada subjek adalah terapi aktivitas hidup sehari-hari yang berfokus pada peningkatan kemandirian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terapi Activity Daily Living (ADL) dapat membantu subjek untuk melakukan aktivitas perawatan diri sendiri. Keluarga subjek diberikan intervensi meliputi psikoedukasi mengenai kondisi subjek, cara merawat, mendukung dan memberikan bantuan kepada subjek.
Downloads
References
Amelia, N., Putri, R., Kurnianingsih, T., & Andayani, S. (2020). Daily living performance in schizophrenic patients in correlation with positive and negative symptoms.Althea Medical Journal, 7(2), 72. https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v7n2.1870
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. www.psych.org
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), 5th Ed (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
Bakken, T. L., Askeland Hellerud, J. M., Kildahl, A. N., Solheim-Inderberg, A. M., Berge Helverschou, S., & Hove, O. (2024). Schizophrenia in autistic people with intellectual disabilities. treatment and interventions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06286-6
Bolton, D., & Gillett, G. (2019). The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease: New Philosophical and Scientific Developments. Palgrave Pivot.
Cahyaningsih, E. A., Citra, O. W. M., & Putra, A. P. E. (2024). Penerapan terapi rehabilitasi kemandirian activity of daily living (ADL) pada pasien skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Provinsi Lampung. MAHESA: Malahayati Health Student Journal, 4(3), 818–830. https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i3.13150
Calzavara-Pinton, I., Nibbio, G., Barlati, S., Bertoni, L., Necchini, N., Zardini, D., Baglioni, A., Paolini, S., Poddighe, L., Bulgari, V., Lisoni, J., Deste, G., & Vita, A. (2024). Treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: New evidence, challenges, and future Perspectives.In Brain Sciences, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14080791
Chen, L., Tan, W., Lin, X., Lin, H., Xi, J., Zhang, Y., Jia, F., & Hao, Y. (2022). Influencing factors of multiple adverse outcomes among schizophrenia patients using count regression models: a cross-sectional study.BMC Psychiatry, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888022-04070-3
Davison, G. C., Neale, J. M., & Kring, A. M. (2006). Psikologi abnormal (9th ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Dong, F., Mao, Z., Ding, Y., Wang, L., Bo, Q., Li, F., Wang, F., & Wang, C. (2023). Cognitive deficits profiles in the first-episode of schizophrenia, clinical high risk of psychosis, and genetically high-risk of psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1292141
Jaya, E. S., Hermanto, E., Audinia, S., Octavia, S., Carter, S., & Ramadhannisa, F. (2022). Indonesian longitudinal survey on mental health and social factors (INDOLUMEN): Early findings and protocol. INSAN Jurnal Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental, 7(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkm.v7i12022.1-35
John, A., Gandhi, S., Prasad, M. K., & Manjula, M. (2021). Effectiveness of IADL interventions to improve functioning in persons with Schizophrenia: A systematic review.International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(3).
Krull, A., Hirsch, P., Rother, C., Schiffrin, A., & Krull, C. (2020). Artificial-intelligence-driven scanning probe microscopy. Communications Physics, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-020-0317-3
Lestari, I. A., & Hidayah, N. (2023). Terapi suportif untuk meningkatkan activity daily living (ADL) pada pasien skizofrenia paranoid. In Jurnal Psikologi, 18(2).
Maharani, M. (2021). Schedulling activity untuk meningkatkan aktivitas sehari-hari penderita skizofrenia. Procedia: Studi Kasus Dan Intervensi Psikologi, 9(3), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.22219/procedia.v9i3.16458
Maramis, W. F., & Maramis, A. A. (2009). Catatan ilmu kedokteran jiwa (2nd ed.). Airlangga University Press.
Maslim, R. (2019). Buku saku diagnosis gangguan jiwa rujukan ringkas dari PPDG-III, DSM V, ICD 11 (ketiga). Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa FK-Unika Atmajaya.
Miltenberger, R. G. (2012). Behavior modification principles and procedures fifth edition. www.cengage.com/highered
Nibbio, G., Barlati, S., Cacciani, P., Corsini, P., Mosca, A., Ceraso, A., Deste, G., & Vita, A. (2020). Evidence-based integrated intervention in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study of feasibility and effectiveness in a real-world rehabilitation setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103352
Penad´es, R., Forte, M. F., Mezquida, G., Andr´es, C., Catal´an, R., & Segura, B. (2024). Treating cognition in schizophrenia: A whole
lifespan Perspective. In Healthcare (Switzerland) (Vol. 12, Issue 21). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12212196
Prastika, N., Pratiwi, M. A. R., Sari, D., Fauziah, A., Rofiqoh, Y., Balgies, S., Firlana, M., Hamidah, D. N. N., Hasiana, I., Dwijayanti, Y. R., Widarsih, R. , M. F. A., Budirahayu, P. Y., & Baskoro, D. (2021). Sembuh dari depresi. CV. Brilian Angkasa Jaya. Tschentscher, N., Woll, C. F. J., Tafelmaier, J. C., Kriesche, D., Bucher, J. C., Engel, R. R., & Karch, S. (2023). Neurocognitive deficits in first-episode and chronic psychotic disorders: A systematic review from 2009 to 2022. In Brain Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020299
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2020). Interventions to improve interpersonal functioning: Rehabilitation in adults with complex psychosis and related severe mental health conditions. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng181/evidence/l interventions-to-improve-interpersonal-functioning-pdf-317993297943
Wafa, S., & Cahyanti, I. Y. (2023). How can schizophrenia occur? case study of life journey of schizophrenic survivor bagaimana skizofrenia bisa terjadi? Studi kasus perjalanan hidup survivor Skizofrenia. Psikostudia Jurnal Psikologi, 12(4), 454–460. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v12i4
Wardani, S., & Afrizal,. (2021). Risk factors of skizofrenia in the Puskesmas Selat Panjang, Meranti Islands District. Jurnal Kesehatan, 13(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.35907/bgjk.v13i1.191
Wulandari, A., & Febriana, A. I. (2024). Kejadian skizofrenia pada pasien rawat inap di RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. HIGEIA Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 7(4), 562–573. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v7i4.69619
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Makkiyatur Rahmah, Dian Kartika Amelia Arbi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
