Analisis AIDS Stigmation of Adolescents In Medan City

AIDS is a disease that is still high in all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Gender is a factor in the occurrence of stigmatization in adolescents. This study aimed to determine the stigma factor for HIV/ AIDS among adolescents in Medan City. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted in Medan City conducted from August to December 2020. The data source in this study was primary data obtained from interviews. Collecting data by direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. Analysis of the data in this study using descriptive analysis and crosstab using the SPSS version 22 program. The results showed that as much54 girls do not want to swim in the same swimming pool as HIV/ AIDS, 55 girls do not want to eat/drink a plate with HIV/ AIDS, 46 girls do not want to use the toilet with HIV/ AIDS, 36 girls do not want to touch their skin with HIV/ AIDS. HIV/ AIDS, 52 teenagers do not want to sleep together with HIV/ AIDS, and 57 young women do not want to wear the same clothes as HIV/ AIDS. It was concluded that female adolescents are more likely to stigma on people living with HIV/ AIDS than male adolescents. It is necessary to carry out socialization and health education to adolescents to eliminate the stigmatization of HIV/ AIDS.

people with HIV/ AIDS (Chubb & Fouché, 2020). The problem of an PLWHA in terms of social values is receiving a negative stamp from various forms of discrimination in the environment.
PLWHA are considered enemies and carriers of cursed diseases. A perception arises in the community that those known as PLWHA do not comply with religious norms, resulting in deviant actions and leads to HIV/ AIDS (Puspitasari et al., 2020).
The stigma against PLWHA is common among adolescents. Adolescents are less aware and aware of the form and impact of the stigma of PLWHA. Youth as the next generation must think openly about PLWHA. There are some misconceptions among adolescents about HIV/ AIDS, including the transmission route, prevention, and impact on mental health. It becomes a factor that affects the stigma against PLWHA. The existence of misunderstanding or ignorance about HIV impacts fears of PLHIV, resulting in some PLHIV keeping their health status secret (Chory et al., 2021).
Based on the results of Riskesdas in 2018, the people of North Sumatra Province have an attitude towards people living with HIV/ AIDS as many as 43.6% keep a secret if there is ART with HIV/ AIDS, as many as 79.5% have the attitude of being willing to treat ART suffering from HIV/ AIDS, as many as 16.5% have isolated attitude neighbours who have HIV/ AIDS, as many as 33.5% have the attitude not to buy vegetables either from farmers or sellers who are known to be infected with HIV/ AIDS. As many as 39.6% have an attitude of agreeing not to allow teachers who have HIV/ AIDS to teach (Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2018).
Research results by Nawangwulan (2020) states that sex in women has a higher stigma against HIV/ AIDS than sex in men who tend to have a low stigma. This happens because the gender of a person can influence behaviour, where the male sex is more outside the home environment than the female gender. Research results by Ni'mal Baroya (2017) states that gender has a significant relationship to the occurrence of AIDS stigma, that female sex is more than two times more discriminating against PLHIV than men so that women have a risk factor of 1.918 times to stigmatize and discriminate against PLWHA than men. Research result by Bozkurt (2020) stated that the male sex had a significantly higher level of stigmatization than women because men were more likely to have less knowledge of HIV/ AIDS transmission. There have been many socializations about HIV/ AIDS promoted in Indonesia in the last few years. There are policies and programs aimed at preventing and handling HIV & AIDS cases. However, stigma and discrimination against HIV & AIDS (PLWHA) are still found and difficult to remove (Latifa & Purwaningsih, 2016).
Based on the data and facts above, it can be seen that the stigma of AIDS among adolescents in Medan City is still high, so the stigma must be changed immediately so that people with HIV/ AIDS do not get discrimination. So the problem of this research is the factors causing the stigmatization of AIDS among adolescents in Medan City. This study aimed to determine the stigma factor of AIDS among adolescents in Medan City.

METHODS
This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a cross-sectional research design. The research approach uses a quantitative approach. This research was conducted in Medan City and conducted from August to December 2019. The population in this study were adolescents in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. The data source used in this study is primary data. Primary data is used to determine what AIDS stigma factors are found among adolescents in Medan City.
The research sample was taken based on the formula 2 hypothesis testing so that the number of research samples was 89 adolescents in Medan. This research uses a non-random sampling technique that is using the purposive technique.
Data analysis was carried out descriptively, namely distributing frequencies and percentages, then carrying out cross-tabulation analysis (crosstab) between gender variables with AIDS stigma in adolescents using the SPSS version 22 program. Then the results obtained will be presented in tabular form to describe adolescent stigma against HIV/ AIDS. Women are more likely to have a negative stigma of not wanting to eat/drink a plate of people with HIV/ AIDS than men. This is because women are more afraid of contracting HIV/ AIDS, so women are more likely to have a negative stigma against PLWHA. This study is in line with research stating that the majority are unwilling to eat the food provided or the food sold by PLWHA. This is because of the knowledge they have about STIs and HIV/ AIDS. The number of families with a negative stigma against PLWHA is four times more stigmatized PLWHA than families with a positive stigma against PLWHA (Shaluhiyah et al.,2015).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Type female sex is more than two times more stigmatizing and discriminating against PLWHA than male sex so that women have a 1.918 times risk factor for stigmatizing and discriminating against PLWHA than men (Baroya, 2017). A false myth arises in the community that the transmission of transmission by socializing to someone with HIV/ AIDS will impact someone becoming infected (Efren et al., 2018). Based on the results of cross-tabulation of 25 men, it was found that ten men who wanted