Validity Of Congo Red Agar And Modified Congo Red Agar To Detect Biofilm Of Enterococcus Faecalis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/sm.Vol16.SMUMM1.11064Keywords:
Biofilm, Enterococcus faecalis, CRA, MCRA, MPA.Abstract
Purpose: Enterococcus faecalis causes nosocomial infections such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, and endocarditis. These infection is associated with biofilm and intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. This study aims to determine the validity of the CRA and MCRA for detecting biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis
Method: This is a laboratory observational study with 30 sample of Enterococcus faecalis. We performed biofilm examination for Enterococcus faecalis by using Congo red Agar, Modified Congo red Agar and Microtitter Plate Assay as gold standard.
Result: Both MCRA and CRA were compared MPA as a gold standard was obtained p value is 0.309 (p> 0.05), with a Kappa agreement coefficient is 0.067, which indicates there is no significant agreement to detect biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. MCRA and CRA have almost no compatibility with MPA for biofilm forming of Enterococcus faecalis.
Conclusion: Both MCRA and CRA has a very high sensitivity (100%), but the specificity is very low 6.67% for detecting the biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis. MCRA and CRA can not determine negativity well and it have a high false positive rate, so to increase specificity of biofilm forming, we must combine these method with the others.
Keywords: Biofilm, Enterococcus faecalis, CRA, MCRA, MPA.
Downloads
References
Ch’ng, J., Chong, KLL.., Lam, LN., Wong, JJ., Kline, KA. (2018). Biofilm- Associated Infection by Enterococci. www.nature.com Christensen GD., Simpson WA., Younge JA, (1985). Adherence Of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus to Plastic Tissue Culture: Quantitative Model For The Adherence of Staphylococci to medical device. J Clin Microbiol 22: 996-1006 Christopher, J., Kristich, Li, Y., Cvitkovitch, DG., Dunny, GM. (2003). Esp- Independent Biofilm Formation by Enterococcus faecalis Deepika, A.,Meena, A. (2015). Correlation between Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Rajasthan, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 4:640-646 Donlan, RM., 2003. Biofilms: Microbial Life On Surface. Emer Infect Dis 8:881-890 Fujiwara T., Terao Y., Hoshino T., Kawabata S., Ooshima T., Sobue S. (1998). Molecular Analyses Of Glucosyltransferase Genes Among Strains Of Streptococcus Mutans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 161:331–336. CrossRef, Medline Gaca, AO. (2013). Basal Levels of (p)ppGpp in Enterococcus faecalis: The Magic Beyond The Stringent Response. MBio 4, e00646–13 Genotype-Phenotype Correlations And Inhibition By Vancomycin. Sci Rep.7(1):5733 Hashem, YA.., Amin HM.., Essam TM.., Yassin,AS., Aziz RK.. (2017). Biofilm Formation In Enterococci: Hassan A., Usman J., Kaleem F., Omair M,. Khalid A., Iqbal M. (2011). Evaluation Of Different Detection Methods Of Biofilm Formation In The Clinical Isolate. Dilihat 29 April 2019. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjid/v15n4/v15n4a02.pdf Jain A., Agarwal A. (2009). Biofilm Production, a Marker of Pathogenic Potential of Colonizing and Commensal Staphylococci. J Microbiol Methods 76: 88-92. Kaiser, TDL. (2012). Modification Of The Congo Red Agar Method To Detect Biofilm Production By Staphylococcus epidermidis. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 75:235–23 Knobloch, J., Horstkptte, MA., Rohde, H., Mack, D (2002). Evaluation Of Different Detection Methods Of Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Med Microbiol Immun 191: 101–6. Komiyama, EY., Lepesqueur, LSS., Yassuda, CG.,Samaranayake, LP., Parahitiyawa, NB., Balducci. (2017). Enterococcus spp in the Oral Cavity: Prevalence, Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163001. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163001 Linden, P. (2003). Can Enterococcal Infections Initiate Sepsis Syndrome? Current Infectious Disease Reports, 5:372–378 Mack, D., Siemssen, N., and Laufs, R. (1992). Parallel Induction By Glucose Of Adherence and A Polysaccharide Antigen Specific for Plasticadherent Staphylococcus epidermidis: Evidence For Functional Relation Tointercellular Adhesion. Infect Immun 60: 2048– 2057. Melo, PC., Ferreirra, LM., Filhol, AN., Zafalon, LF., Vicente, HI., Souza, V. (2013). Comparison of Methods For The Detection Of Biofilm Formation By Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Bovine Subclinical Mastitis. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 44, 1, 119-124 Panda, PS., Chaudhary, U.,Dube, SK. (2016). Comparison of Four Different Methods for Detection of Biofilm Formation by Uropathogens. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. 59 (2):177-179 Ponnusamy, P., Nagappan, R. (2013.) Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Biofilm Producing Uropathogenic Pathogens And Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns From Urinary Tract Infection- An Overview. Int. J.Microbiol. Res., 4(2): 101 118 Richard, MJ., Edward, JR.., Culver, DH., Gaynes, RP. (2000). Nosocomial Infections In Combined Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Units In The United States. The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Shridirar, S., Dhanasree, B (2019). Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolate of Enterococcus spp. Interdisclipnary Perspectives on Infectious Disease. Dilihat 1 Mei 2019 .http : //www.hindawi.com/journals/ipid/2019/7854968 Sienko, A., Odjana, D., Majewsk, P., Sacha, P., Wieczorek, P., Tryniszewska, P. (2015).Comparison of Biofilm-Producing Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faeceum And Unusual Enterococcus strain. European Journal of Biological Research; 7 (4): 291-298 Stuart, LB. (2002). Factor Impacting On The Problem Of Antibiotic Resistance. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy . 49: 25-30 Tenke, P., Riedl, CR., Jones, GL., Williams, GJ., Stickler, D., Nagy, E. (2004). Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Urologic Devices and Heparin Coating as Preventive Strategy. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 23(1):67-74 Trautner, BW., Darouiche, RO. (2004). Role of Biofilm Infection In Urology. World JUrol 24:1320 Triveda, L., Gomathi, S. (2016). Detection of Biofilm Formation Among The Clinical Isolates Of Enterococci : An Evaluation Of Three Different Screening Methods. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. Upadhyaya, PM, Umapathy, BL., Ravikumar, KL. (2010) . Comparative Study for the Presence of Enterococcal Virulence Factors Gelatinase, Hemolysin and Biofilm Among Clinical and Commensal Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. Journal of laboratory psychian.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
