Dwifungsi tuturan oposisi dalam masyarakat bersosiokultur Jawa

Fauzan Fauzan

doi:10.22219/kembara.v7i1.16407

Authors

Fauzan Fauzan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v7i1.16407

Keywords:

Daya pragmatik, dwifungsi tuturan oposisi, rembuk desa, tuturan oposisi

Abstract

Kemunculan tindak tutur oposisi dalam wacana rembuk desa tidak terhindarkan, bahkan dalam tataran tertentu menghasilkan dwifungsi tuturan oposisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi tuturan oposisi dan daya pragmatik tuturan oposisi dalam rembuk desa. Sesuai dengan tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini adalah ethno-pragmatics study yang dilaksanakan di sebuah kelurahan di kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Dihadiri oleh kurang lebih 30 orang warga pada tingkat RW dan 50 perwakilan warga dalam rapat Rencana Pengembangan Desa, rembuk desa ini dilaksanakan selama 120 menit, dan peneliti menjadi partisipan observer sebagai unsur akademisi dengan institusi berlokasi pada kelurahan tersebut. Data yang diperoleh selama observasi didokumentasikan dalam bentuk audiovisual yang ditranskripsikan dan dicatat dalam bentuk fieldnote untuk dianalisis sesuai dengan metode padan dan agih. Untuk melengkapi data, interview dilakukan secara mendalam. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya dwifungsi tuturan oposisi yang meliputi (1) tindak tutur oposisi menolak sekaligus mengeluh, (2) tindak tutur oposisi menolak sekaligus membentak, (3) tindak tutur oposisi menuntut sekaligus membentak, dan (4) tindak tutur oposisi menuntut sekaligus menyindir. Sementara itu, daya pragmatik yang muncul sebagai akibat munculnya dwifungsi tuturan oposisi meliputi (1) melaksanakan, (2) menyetujui (3) membujuk, (4) menggerutu, (5) menyanggah dan (6) berkonfrontasi. Kedua temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada pergeseran nilai dalam sosiokultural Jawa. Akan tetapi, pergeseran tersebut masih memperhatikan empan papan dan tidak berlaku sepenuhnya. Pemahaman terhadap pergeseran pola komunikasi masyarakat Jawa beserta pola tindak tutur oposisi ini dapat berimplikasi terhadap upaya meminimalisasi terjadinya konflik dalam tuturan.

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