Dwifungsi tuturan oposisi dalam masyarakat bersosiokultur Jawa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v7i1.16407Keywords:
Daya pragmatik, dwifungsi tuturan oposisi, rembuk desa, tuturan oposisiAbstract
Kemunculan tindak tutur oposisi dalam wacana rembuk desa tidak terhindarkan, bahkan dalam tataran tertentu menghasilkan dwifungsi tuturan oposisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi tuturan oposisi dan daya pragmatik tuturan oposisi dalam rembuk desa. Sesuai dengan tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini adalah ethno-pragmatics study yang dilaksanakan di sebuah kelurahan di kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Dihadiri oleh kurang lebih 30 orang warga pada tingkat RW dan 50 perwakilan warga dalam rapat Rencana Pengembangan Desa, rembuk desa ini dilaksanakan selama 120 menit, dan peneliti menjadi partisipan observer sebagai unsur akademisi dengan institusi berlokasi pada kelurahan tersebut. Data yang diperoleh selama observasi didokumentasikan dalam bentuk audiovisual yang ditranskripsikan dan dicatat dalam bentuk fieldnote untuk dianalisis sesuai dengan metode padan dan agih. Untuk melengkapi data, interview dilakukan secara mendalam. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya dwifungsi tuturan oposisi yang meliputi (1) tindak tutur oposisi menolak sekaligus mengeluh, (2) tindak tutur oposisi menolak sekaligus membentak, (3) tindak tutur oposisi menuntut sekaligus membentak, dan (4) tindak tutur oposisi menuntut sekaligus menyindir. Sementara itu, daya pragmatik yang muncul sebagai akibat munculnya dwifungsi tuturan oposisi meliputi (1) melaksanakan, (2) menyetujui (3) membujuk, (4) menggerutu, (5) menyanggah dan (6) berkonfrontasi. Kedua temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada pergeseran nilai dalam sosiokultural Jawa. Akan tetapi, pergeseran tersebut masih memperhatikan empan papan dan tidak berlaku sepenuhnya. Pemahaman terhadap pergeseran pola komunikasi masyarakat Jawa beserta pola tindak tutur oposisi ini dapat berimplikasi terhadap upaya meminimalisasi terjadinya konflik dalam tuturan.
Downloads
References
Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Salsbury, T. (2004). The organization of turns in the disagreements of L2 learners: A longitudinal perspective. In D. Boxer & A. Cohen (Eds.), Studying speaking to inform second language learning (pp. 199–227). Multilingual Matters.
Brown, P. (1990). Gender, politeness, and confrontation in Tenejapa. Discourse Processes, 13(1), 123–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539009544749
Budiyono, & Feriandi, Y. A. (2017). Menggali nilai nilai kearifan lokal budaya Jawa sebagai sumber pendidikan karakter. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bimbingan dan Konseling, 1(1), 92–103. http://prosiding.unipma.ac.id/index.php/SNBK/article/view/116
Budzynska, K., & Reed, C. (2011). Speech acts of argumentation: Inference anchors and peripheral cues in dialogue. AAAI Workshop - Technical Report, WS-11-10, 3–10.
Chen, Y. S., Chen, C. Y. D., & Chang, M. H. (2011). American and Chinese complaints: Strategy use from a cross-cultural perspective. Intercultural Pragmatics, 8(2), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1515/IPRG.2011.012
Cooren, F. (2015). Speech act theory: A critical overview. In The international encyclopedia of language and social interaction (pp. 1–16). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118611463/wbielsi055
Corsaro, W. A., & Rizzo, T. A. (1990). Disputes in the peer culture of American and Italian nursery-school children. In Conflict talk. Sociolinguistic investigations of arguments in conversations (Issue February, pp. 21–66). Cambridge University Press.
Corsaro, William A, & Maynard, D. W. (1996). Format tying in discussion and argumentation among Italian and American children. In D. I. Slobin, J. Gerhardt, A. Kyratzis, & J. Guo (Eds.), Social interaction, social context, and language: Essays in honor of Susan Ervin-Tripp. (pp. 157–174). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Cummings, J., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationships: Online relationships are less valuable than offline ones. Indeed their net benefit depends on wether they supplement of substitute offline social relationships. Communications of the Amc, 45(7), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1145/514236.514242
Dio, Z. R. F. (2015). Kajian yuridis partisipasi masyarakat dalam Undang- undang nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang desa [Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya]. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Eemeren, F. H. Van, & Grootendorst, R. (1984). Speech acts in argumentative discussions: A theoretical model for the analysis of discussions directed toward solving conflict of opinion. Foris Publication.
Ekawati, M. (2017). Kesantunan semu pada tindak tutur ekspresif marah dalam bahasa Indonesia. Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 1(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2017.01101
Endraswara, S. (2015). Etnologi Jawa: Penelitian, perbandingan, dan pemaknaan budaya. Centre for Academic Publishing Service.
Goodwin, C., Goodwin, M. H., & Olsher, D. (2002). Producing sense with nonsense syllables: Turn and sequence in conversations with a man with severe aphasia. In B. Fox, C. Ford, & S. Thompson (Eds.), The Language of Turn and Sequence (Issue September 2014, pp. 56–80). Oxford University Press.
Grimshaw, J. (1990). Argument structure (Linguistic inquiry monographs). In Book 18. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511982378.009
Gruber, H. (1998). Disagreeing: Sequential placement and internal structure of disagreements in conflict episodes. Text, 18(4), 467–503. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1998.18.4.467
Gruber, H. (2001). Questions and strategic orientation in verbal conflict sequences. Journal of Pragmatics, 33(12), 1815–1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00083-7
Guo, Y. (2012). Chinese and American refusal strategy: A cross-cultural approach. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(2), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.2.247-256
Halawa, N., Gani, E., & Syahrul, R. (2019). Kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia dalam tindak tutur melarang dan mengkritik pada tujuh etni. Lingua, 15(2), 195-205. Retrived from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/lingua/article/view/17738/9511
Hariri, A. (2019). Eksistensi pemerintahan desa ditinjau dari perspektif asas subsidiaritas dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang desa. Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 26(2), 253. https://doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v26i2.7799
Herlina, H., Nahar, M. Y., & Surahman, S. (2017). Eksistensi otonomi pemerintahan desa berdasarkan Undang-Undang Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang desa. Jurnal Katalogis, 5(5), 111–121.
Herutomo, C. (2019). Kearifan lokal lingkungan komunikasi rembug desa dalam menjaga kelestarian hutan di Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Banyumas Timur. Journal Acta Diurna, 15(2), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.actadiurna.2019.15.2.2132
Honda, A. (2002). Conflict management in Japanese public affairs talk shows. Journal of Pragmatics, 34(5), 573–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(01)00053-4
Hutchby, I. (1993). Confrontation talk: Aspects of ‘interruption’ in argument sequences on talk radio. Text & Talk, 12(3), 343–371. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1992.12.3.343
Irawanto, D. W., Ramsey, P. L., & Ryan, J. C. (2011). Challenge of leading in Javanese culture. Asian Ethnicity, 12(2), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2011.571829
Jackson, S., & Jacobs, S. (1980). Structure of conversational argument: Pragmatic bases for the enthymeme. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 66(3), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335638009383524
Jacobs, S. (1989). Speech acts and arguments. Argumentation, 3(4), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182603
Jauhari, E. (2018). Alat-alat Kesantunan Kritik dalam Masyarakat Jawa Surabaya: Kajian Pragmatik. Mozaik Humaniora, 18(2), 167-177.
Jeffries, L. (2014). Opposition in Discourse: The Constructio of Oppostional Meaning. Bloomsbury.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. (1985). Classroom conflict: Controversy versus debate in learning groups. American Educational Research Journal, 22(2), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312022002237
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). Energizing learning: The instructional power of conflict. Educational Researcher, 38(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08330540
Kakava, C. (2002). Opposition in modern green discourse: Cultural and contextual constraints. Journal of Pragmatics, 34(10–11), 1537–1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00075-9
Koczogh, H. (2013). Scrutinizing the Concept of. 9, 211–222.
Kushandajani, K. (2015). Implikasi UU nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang desa terhadap kewenangan desa. Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 369–396. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v92i0.3820
Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. Longman. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74564-5_12
Leung, C. (2005). Convivial communication: Recontextualizing communicative competence. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(2), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2005.00084.x
Liliweri, A. (2014). Sosiologi dan komunikasi organisasi. Yogyakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Makhmudah, K. (2015). Pencegahan konflik melalui local wisdom (Studi model conflict prevention di Desa Sale Kecamatan Sale Kabupaten Rembang). Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo.
Mandari, E., Charlina, & Mustafa, M. N. (2016). Strategi kesantunan tindak tutur direktif pada rapat BEM FKIP Universitas Riau. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Riau, Oktober, 1–8.
Mariana, M., & Konisi, L. Y. Tindak tutur dalam rapat organisasi hippma oempu di Kota Kendari (tinjauan pragmatik). Jurnal Bastra (Bahasa dan Sastra), 6(1), 94-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jb.v6i1.16313
Mukherjee, A., & Liu, B. (2012). Analysis of linguistic style accommodation in online debates. 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Proceedings of COLING 2012: Technical Papers, December 2012, 1831–1846.
Nuryantiningsih, F., & Pandanwangi, W. D. (2018). Politeness and Impoliteness in Javanese Speech Levels. Proceedings of the Fourth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (Prasasti 2018), 166(Prasasti), 383–387. https://doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-18.2018.70
Omelicheva, M. Y. (2007). Resolved: Academic debate should be a part of political science curricula. Journal of Political Science Education, 3(2), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512160701338320
Paramasivam, S. (2007). Managing disagreement while managing not to disagree: Polite disagreement in negotiation discourse. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 36(2), 91–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475750701478661
Pinker, S. (2011). Indirect speech, politeness, deniability, and relationship negotiation: Comment on Marina Terkourafi’s “The Puzzle of Indirect Speech.” Journal of Pragmatics, 43(11), 2866–2868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.05.005
Prasetiyarini, R. (2014). Pelanggaran prinsip kesopanan dalam rembuk desa di Kelurahan Jatiroto Kabupaten Wonogiri [Universitas Muhmmadiyah Surakarta]. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0355
Prayitno, H. J., Ngalim, A., Rohmadi, M., & Riyanto, U. (2018). Strategies of refusal speech act by Javanese culture-based students at Darul Ihsan Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Sragen. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(3), 520. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i3.9300
Prayitno, J. H. (2009). Perilaku tindak tutur berbahasa pemimpin dalam wacana rapat dinas: Kajian Pragmatik Dengan Pendekatan Jender. Kajian Linguistik Sastra, 21(2), 132–146.
Rosyidi, A. Z., Mahyuni, & Muhaimi. (2019). Illocutionary speech acts use by Joko Widodo in first Indonesia Presidential election debate 2019. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(2), 735–740.
Santoso, H. D. (2013). Apitan: Pelestarian tradisi agraris lokal masyarakat Jawa. Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya, 3(2), 77–85.
Sartini, N. W. (2009). Menggali nilai kearifan lokal budaya Jawa lewat ungkapan (bebasan, saloka, dan paribasa). Jurnal Logat, 5(1), 28–37.
Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to discourse: Blackwell textbooks in linguistics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Selvarajah, C., Meyer, D., Roostika, R., & Sukunesan, S. (2017). Exploring managerial leadership in Javanese (Indonesia) organisations: engaging Asta Brata, the eight principles of Javanese statesmanship. Asia Pacific Business Review, 23(3), 373–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1213494
Setiyadi, D. B. P., & Herawati, N. (2019). Values of character education in the Javanese local wisdom. 7(2), 939–946. https://doi.org/10.24815/.v1i1.14866
Sigalingging, A. H., & Warjio. (2014). Partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan (Studi kasus pada Kecamatan Sidikalang Kabupaten Dairi). Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2(2), 116–145.
Simanjuntak, K. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan desentralisasi pemerintahan di Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, 7(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.07.2015.111-130
Söderlind, J. (1964). Utterance, sentence, and clause as English speech‐units. English Studies, 45(1–6), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00138386408597186
Suhaima, S. (2018). Tindak tutur anggota dewan dalam rapat formal di kantor DPRD Medan (Doctoral dissertation, UNIMED).
Supardjo. (2018). Javanese discussion values in the noble event of forming personality. 280(Basa), 544–547.
Supriyadi, B., Sudarwanto, B., & Werdiningsih, H. (2012). In search of the power of Javanese culture against the cultural urbanization in Kotagede, Yogyakarta-Indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 68, 676–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.258
Susetyo, D. B., Widiyatmadi, H. E., & Sudiantara, Y. (2014). Konsep self dan penghayatan self orang Jawa. Psikodimensia, 13(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.24167/psiko.v13i1.277
Sutarto, A. (2006). Becoming a true Javanese: A Javanese view of attempts at Javanisation. Indonesia and the Malay World, 34(98), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639810600650893
Triana, H. W., & Aman, I. (2011). Lakuan tutur menolak generasi muda Minangkabau: cermin budaya popular dalam interaksi sosial. Gema Online® Journal of Language Studies, 12(1), 17-34. Retrved from https://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/view/64
Triana, H. W. (2016). Fenomena gender dalam perilaku tutur menolak etnik Minangkabau modern. Kafaah: Journal of Gender Studies, 6(2), 215-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jk.v6i2.146
Wahyuningsi, E. (2018). Pergeseran nilai budaya Jawa dalam novel Canting karya Arswendo Atmowiloto: Suatu kajian antropologi sastra. Jurnal KATA, 2(2), 326. https://doi.org/10.22216/jk.v2i2.3618
Walton, D. (2014). Speech acts and indirect threats in ad baculum arguments: A reply to Budzynska and Witek. Argumentation, 28(3), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-014-9318-2
Winarti, O. (2018). Language shift of krama to bahasa Indonesia among Javanese youths and it’s relation to parents’ social class. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 2(3), 290. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v2i3.186
Winoto, D. R., & Aryanto, B. (2018). Tindak Tutur Mengeluh Bahasa Jepang: Studi Kasus dalam Film Great Teacher Onizuka (2012). LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya, 14(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.33633/lite.v14i1.1975
Yang, L., & Wannaruk, A. (2019). A cross-cultural pragmatic study of the speech act of complaining by native thai and chinese speakers. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 40(3), 670–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.004
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with The KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) agree to the following terms:
Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY 3.0).
Under the CC-BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors grant others permission to use the content of publications in KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) in whole or in part provided that the original work is properly cited. Users (redistributors) of KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya are required to cite the original source, including the author's names, KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) as the initial source of publication, year of publication, volume number and DOI (if available).
Authors may publish the manuscript in any other journal or medium but any such subsequent publication must include a notice that the manuscript was initially published by KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal).
Authors grant KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) the right of first publication. Although authors remain the copyright owner, they grant the journal the irrevocable, nonexclusive rights to publish, reproduce, publicly distribute and display, and transmit their article or portions thereof in any manner.
_.png)
