PERILAKU BAHASA DIASPORA ORANG BALI DI JAWA TIMUR: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v1i1.2331Abstract
PERILAKU BAHASA DIASPORA ORANG BALI DI JAWA TIMUR:
KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK
Ni Wayan Sartini
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UNAIR Surabaya
yaniwiratha@yahoo.com
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan perilaku bahasa diaspora Bali di Jawa Timur. Untuk itu masalah yang akan dibahas adalah: bagaimanakah perilaku bahasa diaspora Bali di Jawa Timur saat berinteraksi dalam berbagai ranah dan bagaimanakah bentuk akomodasi bahasa diaspora Bali dalam komunikasi intraetnik dan antaretnik di Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi dan wawancara dengan masyarakat Bali dengan kriteria tertentu. Observasi dilakukan pada ranah-ranah sosial yaitu ranah agama, ranah keluarga, ranah adat, ranah pendidikan, dan ranah persahabatan (friendship domain). Hasil analisis menunjukkan dalam ranah keluarga, ada tiga bahasa yang digunakan yaitu bahasa Bali, Jawa, dan bahasa Indonesia. Ketiga bahasa tersebut saling menggantikan dalam komunikasi. Dalam ranah agama, bahasa Bali masih tetap dipertahankan ketika melakukan ritual-ritual keagamaan. Dalam ranah persahabatan terjadi campur kode dan alih kode. Campur kode terjadi antara bahasa Bali, bahasa Jawa, dan bahasa Indonesia. Sementara dalam ranah pendidikan, terutama dalam proses belajar mengajar pendidikan agama, bahasa yang digunakan adalah bahasa Indonesia. Di samping peristiwa campur kode dan alih kode, dalam interaksi yang dilakukan diaspora Bali juga terjadi akomodasi bahasa. Model akomodasi bahasa masyarakat Bali di Jawa Timur ini ada dua yaitu konvergensi dan divergensi. Dalam interaksi dengan etnik mayoritas yaitu etnik Jawa, masyarakat Bali cenderung berakomodasi ke arah bahasa Jawa.
Kata kunci: Diaspora Bali, bahasa, ranah, akomodasi
Abstract: This study describes the behavior of Balinese Diaspora in East Java. The issues to discuss are: how Balinese Diaspora was while interacting in a variety of domains and how the accommodation of Balinese Diaspora was in intra-and inter-ethnic communication. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected through observation and interviews with the Balinese by applying some criteria. The observations were conducted on the social spheres such as religion, family, custom, education, and friendship domains. The result shows that three languages were used in the family sphere, namely Balinese, Javanese and Indonesian which were interchangeable in communication. In the religious sphere, Balinese is still maintained while performing religious rituals. In friendship sphere, code-mixing and code-switching occurred. Code-mixing occurred between Balinese, Javanese, and Indonesian. While in the education sphere, especially in the learning process of religious education, the language used was Indonesian. In addition to the use of codemixing and code-switching, language accommodation also occurred in the interaction of the Balinese Diaspora. There were two Balinese language accommodation models in East Java, namely convergence and divergence. When interacting with majority of Javanese, Balinese tended to accommodate to Javanese language.
Keywords: Balinese Diaspora, language, sphere, accommodation
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