Islamic triangle concept of marital age: Indonesian experience
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v29i2.14162Keywords:
Islamic law, legal competence, marital age, IndonesiaAbstract
Marriage is a sacred act that no one will doubt. The sacredness of marriage does not mean that every person could be married. There are legal competencies in Islam that every person should be aware of before doing any legal acts. Islamic law sets two indicators of legal age; both are bālig and rusydan. Indonesia has determined the age of 19 to be a formal legal age of Indonesian people for their marriage. Finding the connection between the two indicators and concluded age is worth studying. The article aims to correlate Islamic legal competence with the marriage readiness and triangle analysis of legal age marriage based on Indonesia's factual issues. The article was described and analyzed qualitatively and based on the normative legal review. The review found out that ahliyyatul adā` al-kāmilah is the appropriate phase-in doing all legal activities, including marriage. The concluded age of 19 by the Indonesian government is well-measured when it was analyzed through the three parallel concepts: maslahah, ra’iyyatul imam manūtun bil maslahah, and sadd al-zarī’ah, all of which allow valuable considerations based on actual problematic issues of underage marriage.
Downloads
References
Abdurrahaman Al-Mubrid, M. A. A. (1432). Al-Tatbiqat Al-Fiqhiyyah Liqa’idah: Tasarruf Al-Imam ’Ala Al-Ra’iyyah Manutun bil Mashlahah fi Kitab Al-Qada`. Al-Ma’had Al-’Ali lil Qadza.
Al-Asqalani, A. bin A. bin H. (n.d.). Fathul Bari (A. Q. S. Al-Hamad, Ed.). Riyadh: Maktabatul Malik Fahd Al-Wataniyah.
Al-Farat, Y. A. (2003). Al-Tatbiqat Al-Mu’ashirah li Sadd Al-Dzari’ah. Cairo: Darul Fikri Al-’Arabi.
Anggito, A., & Setiawan, J. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (E. D. Lestari, Ed.). Sukabumi: Jejak.
Anwar, S. (2010). Hukum Perjanjian Syariah: Studi tentang Teori Akad dalam Fikih Muamalat (2nd ed.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Asrori, A. (2015). Batas Usia Perkawinan Menurut Fukaha dan Penerapannya dalam Undang-. Al-’Adalah, 12(4).
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Perkawinan Usia Anak di Indonesia 2013-2015. Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak: Percepatan yang Tidak Bisa Ditunda. Jakarta.
Blaser, S. J. (2016). Child marriage in Indonesia. In Unicef.
Disemadi, H., Al-Fatih, S., & Yusro, M. (2020). Indonesian Children Protection against Commercial Sexual Exploitation through Siri Marriage Practices in Maqashid Al-Shariah Perspective. Brawijaya Law Journal, 7(2), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2020.007.02.04
Disemadi, H. S. (2019). Adultery Child Status in Islamic Law and in The Civil Code. Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 3(2), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.24269/ls.v3i2.1877
Fentiningrum, H. (2017). Batasan Usia Pernikahan dalam Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia Perspektif Sadd Al-Dari’ah. Istidlal: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, 4(1), 84–95.
Ghazali, A. H. (n.d.). Al-Mustashfa fi Ushul Al-Syari’ah (H. bin Z. Hafidz, Ed.). Medina.
Hori, M., & Cipta, E. S. (2019). The Purpose of Marriage in Islamic Philosophical Perspective. Journal of Islamicate Studies (JoIS), 2(1), 51.
Ibn Misyari Al-Ghamidi, N. I. M. (1430). Qā’idah Al-Taṣarruf ‘alar Ra’iyyah Manūṭun bil maṣlahah. Majallah Jāmi’ah Umm Al-Qurā Li ’Ulum Al-Syariah Wa Al-Dirasat Al-Islamiyah, 46.
Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel (A. Yunus, Ed.). Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media.
Kamarusdiana, & Sofia, I. (2020). Dispensasi Nikah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Salam; Jurnal Sosial & Budaya Syar-I, 7(1), 49–64.
Khoiruddin, H., Rohimin, R., & Athoillah, M. A. (2019). Historical Socio Analysis in the Interpretation of the Quran: Case Study of Legal Verses. Esensia Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 20(2), 199–208.
Latief, M. N. H. (2016). Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Pembatasan Usia Minimal Kawin dan Peningkatan Status Wanita. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 7(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v7i2.a5467
Lobah, J. (2016). The Islamic Principle of Maslaha as Practical Wisdom for Human Development. In R. Schmidpeter (Ed.), Cultural Roots of Sustainable Management (pp. 145–151). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28287-9_11
Maisarah, Afrizal, Zulfahmi, Mauliza, F., & Murni, F. (2019). Minimum Marriage Age: Study of Fiqh of Four Madhabs. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 1(2), 149–158. https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v1i2.46
Mohd, A., & Kadir, N. A. (2019). Minimum Age of Marriage Under Islamic Law and the Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984: A Preliminary Study on the Ideal Age of Marriage in Malaysia. Al-Shajarah Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization of the International Islamic University Malaysia, 24(2), 239–266.
Mohd, A., Nik Mahmod, N. A. K., Muhammad, A. A., Amuda, Y. J., & Salleh, M. C. M. (2018). Child Labor Under Islamic Law (The Shari’ah): An Overview. Al-Shajarah Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization of the International Islamic University Malaysia, 23(2).
Muqaddam, S. (2016). Al-Ahliyyah wa Atsaru Takhallufiha fi Qadhaya Syu`un Al-Usrah baina Al-Fiqh Al-Islami wa Qawanin Al-Usrah Al-Maghribiyyah. Universite Mohamed Boudiaf - M’sila.
Mustofa, K. N. (2018). Provisions of Minimum Age of Marriage in Indonesia: Amendments Efforts and Responses. Asy-Syir’ah, 52(2), 289–312.
Nahrowi. (2016). Penentuan Dewasa Menurut Hukum Islam dan Berbagai Disiplin Hukum. Kordinat, 15(2), 253–274.
Riyani, I. (2016). The Silent Desire: Islam, Women’s Sexuality and the Politics of Patriarchy in Indonesia. University of Western Australia.
Rokan, M. K. (2020). The Theory of Zariah Legal Movement and It’s Application in Market Law in Indonesia. Ijtimā’iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research, 5(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v5i1.3949
Salleh, A. D., Kashim, M. I. A. M., Adnan, N. I. M., Ghani, N. A. R. N. A., & Jamsari, E. A. (2019). Theory and Application of Sadd al-Dhara’i‘ (Blocking the Means) in Shafi‘iyya School. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(1), 724–737. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i1/5475
Seise, C. (2019). Re-Thinking the Age of Adolescence - An Islamic Perspective. IIUM Journal of Religion and Civilisational Studies (IJECS), 2(2), 206–213.
Shahar, M. A. (2018). The Role of Modern Medicine in Clarifying Definitions in Islamic Jurisprudence (Ta’rifaats fi al-Fiqh). IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17(3), 113–118.
Sialvi, A. R. S. (2018). Status and Necessity of Second Marriage in Islam. Al-A’jaz, 2(2), 1–10.
Sitorus, I. R., & Yusmita, Y. (2020). The Age of Marriage on Interdisiplinary Islamic Law Perspectives. Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v7i1.3137
Sorokowski, P., Randall, A. K., Groyecka, A., Frackowiak, T., Cantarero, K., Hilpert, P., … Sorokowska, A. (2017). Marital satisfaction, sex, age, marriage duration, religion, number of children, economic status, education, and collectivistic values: Data from 33 countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(JUL), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01199
UNICEF. (2005). Early Marriage A Harmful Traditional Practice A Statistical Exploration 2005.
Wahid, N. (2019). Historisitas dan Tujuan Aturan Umur Minimal Perkawinan dalam Perundang-Undangan Keluarga Islam di Indonesia. Volksgeist, 2(2), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v1i2.2822
Zaidan, A. K. (n.d.). Al-Wajiz fi Ushulil Fiqh. Beirut: Muassasah Qurtubah.
Zaki, A. A. (2017). Konsep Pra-Nikah dalam Al-Qur’an (Kajian Tafsir Tematik). Jurnal Bimas Islam, 10(1), 155–192.
Zaman, N., & Hashmi, M. (2019). Woman’s Marriage Age in Sharī‘ah: Traditional and Modern Approaches. Ma’arif-E-Islami (AIOU), 18(2).
Zarean, M., & Barzegar, K. (2016). Marriage in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Religious Inquiries, 5(9), 67–80.
Zuhaili, W. (1999). Al-Wajiz fi Ushulil Fiqh (1st ed.). Beirut: Darul Fikr.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Fauzan Muhammadi, Eva Wulandari, M. Hajir Susanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
