ASSERTIVE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS ON INTERRUPTION BY JOE BIDEN IN THE 2020 FIRST PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v9i1.21208Abstract
In
a debate, interruption is a vital element because its utterance carries a distinct meaning. This study aims to demonstrate the presence of assertive illocutionary acts in Joe Biden's interruptions in the 2020 First Presidential Debate by identifying the type of interruption and assertive function contained within each interruption. This study utilizes the theory of assertive illocutionary acts by Searle and interruptions by Ferguson. The data were derived from Joe Biden's remarks in the 2020 First Presidential Debate. The results indicate that Joe Biden's interruption contains all functions of assertive illocutionary acts that aid in communicating the meaning of his utterances. The outcomes reveal that Joe Biden performed 21 interruptions, with the most parts being overlap interruptions (13 times), followed by simple interruptions (6 times), and the fewest being butting-in interruptions (2 times). In the interruption conducted by Joe Biden, assertive illocutionary speech acts were found with stating being the most dominant type (11 times), followed by claiming (5 times), complaining (2 times), reporting (1 time), explaining (1 time), and suggesting (1 time).
Downloads
References
Allen, J., & Parnes, A. (2021). Lucky: How Joe Biden Barely Won the Presidency. Crown Publishing.
Ashfira, K. D., & Harjanto, T. D. (2020). Assertive Speech Acts in Donald Trump’s Presidential Speeches. Lexicon, 7(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v7i1.64574
Atchison, J. (2017). The Art of Debate: Course Guidebook. The Great Courses. www.thegreatcourses.com
Atusaadah, M. R., & Idris, Z. (2021). Illocutionary Acts in President Joe Biden’s Speech. Seminar Nasional Ilmu Sosial Dan Teknologi - SANISTEK, 73–80. https://prosiding.politeknikcendana.ac.id/index.php/sanistek/article/view/26
Austin, J. L. (1975). How to Do Things with Words (2nd ed.). Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674411524
Beattie, G. W. (1982). Turn-taking and interruption in political interviews: Margaret Thatcher and Jim Callaghan compared and contrasted. Semiotica, 39(1–2), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1982.39.1-2.93
Biden, J. R., & Trump, D. J. (2020). 2020 Election First Presidential Debate. https://speakwrite.com/transcripts/presidential-debate-2020-01/
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publication, Inc. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-design/book255675
Crystal, D. (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell Publishing.
Crystal, D. (2020). Let’s Talk: How English Conversation Works. In Oxford University Press (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. https://www.davidcrystal.com/GBR/Book-Detail/?bookId=79
Ericson, J. M., Murphy, J. J., & Zeuschner, R. F. (2003). The Debater’s Guide (3rd ed.). Southern Illinois University Press.
Ferguson, N. (1975). Interruptions: speaker-switch nonfluency in spontaneous conversation [Edinburgh University]. https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/17288
G. Opina, K. (2017). Verbal Communication Behaviors: How Male and Female University Students Interact in Gendered Talks. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 5(5), 135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20170505.13
Hidayah, P. N. (2021). The Use of Un/Marked Code To Show Politeness Among Multilingual Customers. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v8i2.16692
Husain, A., Hamamah, & Nurhayani, I. (2020). Commissive Speech Act in Indonesian Presidential Debate. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 14(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v14i1.3141
Khodijah, S. (2020). Illocutionary Act in Political Debate. Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture, 2(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.35719/jlic.v2i2.39
Krames, J. A. (2022). The Joe Biden Way: How to Become a Bold and Emphatic Leader. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://lccn.loc.gov/2021028036
Kyrychenko, T. (2017). A communicative-pragmatic analysis of interruption realisation in modern English dialogical discourse. Lege Artis: Language Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, 2(1), 169–209. https://doi.org/10.1515/lart-2017-0005
Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics (1st ed.). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315835976
Levinson, S. C. (2016). Speech Acts. In Y. Huang (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Pragmatics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214260.373
Litosseliti, L. (Ed.). (2010). Quantitative Methods: Concepts, Frameworks and Issues. In Research Methods in Linguistics. Continuum.
Merrita, D. (2021). Nationalism Ideology: Critical Discourse Analysis of Joko Widodo’s Speech in Indonesian Presidential Election. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.2219/celtic.v8i1.16474
Miller, M. G., & Sutherland, J. L. (2022). The Effect of Gender on Interruptions at Congressional Hearings. American Political Science Review, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422000260
Osnos, E. (2020). Joe Biden: The Life, the Run, and What Matters Now. Scribner. https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Joe-Biden/Evan-Osnos/9781982174026
Pérez-Hernández, L. (2021). Speech Acts in English: From Research to Instruction and Textbook Development. In Cambridge University Press. University of Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108677073
Putra, A. H. W., Nababan, M. R., & Marmanto, S. (2019). Speech Acts Found in the Movie “The Good Doctor.” International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(5), 840–848. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1150
Rahayu, F. N., Arifin, M. B., & Ariani, S. (2018). Illocutionary Act in the Main Characters’ Utterances in Mirror Mirror Movie. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 2(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jbssb.v2i2.1065
Rohmah, Z., & Suwandi, A. F. (2021). Donald Trump’s and Hillary Clinton’s Interruptions in Presidential Debates. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 8(1), 97–118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v8i1.2359
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation. Language: Linguistic Society of America, 50(4), 696–735.
Sartika, T. (2021). Critical Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump’s and Joe Biden’s Language in Use in The 2020 United States Presidential Debates. Proceedings International Conference on Education of Suryakancana 2021, 1, 412–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35194/cp.v0i0.1379
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press.
Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609213
Searle, J. R. (2002). Speech Acts, Mind, and Social Reality (G. Grewendorf & G. Meggle (Eds.); Vol. 79). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0589-0
Shalaby, M. M. (2006). Interruption As a Measure of (Lack of) Conversational Power: a Gender – Dominance Analysis of Interruptions in Egyptian Tv Talk Shows. The Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Comparative Literature, 351–386.
Sidnell, J. (2010). Conversation Analysis: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
Sofian, E. S. (2021). Speech Acts Analysis in Joe Biden’s Victory Speech. International Journal of Arts and Social Science, 4(5). www.ijassjournal.com
Suwandi, A. F., & Thoriqussuud, M. (2021). A Study of Systemic Functional Linguistics: Political Ideology of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in First Presidential Debate. Journal of English and Teaching, 5(1), 166–187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.5.2.166-187
Tannen, D. (1990). You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. In Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents. Ballantine Books.
Thanh, N. T. T. (2022). Assertive speech acts of persuasion in English presidential election speeches. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 30, 666–675. https://doi.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6750-0136
Tymbay, A. A. (2021). Interruption as a reflection of speaker’s identity in the 2020 US presidential debates. Suvremena Lingvistika, 47(92), 283–306. https://doi.org/10.22210/suvlin.2021.092.08
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
Zhang, H. (2010). Who dominates the class, boys or girls?: A study on gender differences in English classroom talk in a Swedish upper secondary school [Kristianstad University]. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A394795&dswid=-6322
Zhao, F. (2011). An Analysis of Gender Differences in Interruption based on the American TV series Friends [Kristianstad University]. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A395161&dswid=-8776
Zimmerman, D. H., & West, C. (1975). Sex Roles, Interruptions, and Silences in Conversation. In Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance (pp. 105–129).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Fania Yulistiana, Widyastuti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright to publish without restrictions and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
