Applying Gemini to enhance EFL learning: A review of advantages and challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v12i2.42739Abstract
A growing implementation of AI (Artificial Intelligence) is regarded as an educational evolution which brings significant change into English as Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Google Gemini is one of generative AI tools commonly used by EFL students in which it is assumed as a double-edged sword that can either be detrimental or beneficial for students’ English proficiency. The current study was conducted to explore the advantages and challenges in integrating Gemini to enhance EFL learning. A Systematic Literature Review was used as a research design particularly by adapting PRISMA framework consisting of four stages; identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. There were 42 articles used as sources in which there were only 27 articles selected as the main data. Those articles were published in the reputable journals indexed in SCOPUS, WOS, SINTA, Garuda, and Crossref. The findings revealed that there were six advantages and four challenges in integrating Gemini into EFL classrooms. The advantages were increasing learning motivation, increasing learning interest, making learning efficient, directing self-learning, enhancing writing and speaking skills, and boosting creativity, meanwhile the challenges were a lack of technological resources, technical problems, ethical problems, and deterioration of critical thinking skills. These findings implicate the implementation of generative AI tools in enhancing EFL learning in which the advantages support the integration of Gemini and the challenges can be used as a consideration in optimizing its usage.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, P. A. B., & Nasution, M. I. P. (2025). Analisis penggunaan google gemini terhadap proses pembelajaran mahasiswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Mahasiswa, 3(1), 500–505. https://doi.org/10.61722/jipm.v3i`1.744 ANALISIS
Al-Kadi, A. (2018). A review of technology integration in ELT: From CALL to MALL. LATER: Language Teaching and Educational Research, 1(1), 1–12. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/later/issue/37194/393131
Alnasib, B. N. M., & Alharbi, N. S. (2024). Challenges and motivation: Assessing Gemini‘s impact on undergraduate EFL students in classroom settings. World Journal of English Language, 14(5), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n5p501
Anh, N. H. (2025). MA students’ perception and experiences with the Gemini app in English language learning: A mixed-method study at Van Lang University, Vietnam. International Journal of AI in Language Education, 2(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijaile.25221
Anh, N. P. D. (2024). Gemini Google: A potential tool for English learning. Thu Dau Mot University Journal of Science, 6(3), 386–396. https://doi.org/10.37550/tdmu.EJS/2024.03.586
Antini, A. J., Santosa, M. H., & Kusuma, I. P. I. (2024). Enacting an artificial intelligence-based learning media to support vocabulary mastery at SMA Negeri 2 Gerokgak: A mixed methods study. Jurnal JOEPALLT (Journal of English Pedagogy, Linguistics, Literature, and Teaching), 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.35194/jj.v12i1.3398
Ariantini, K. P., Suwastini, N. K. A., Adnyani, N. L. P. S., Dantes, G. R., & Jayantini, I. G. A. S. R. (2021). Integrating social media into English language learning: How and to what benefits according to recent studies. NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching, 12(1), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.15642/NOBEL.2021.12.1.91-111
Audina, I. P., Artini, L. P., Dewi, N. L. P. E. S., & Suwastini, N. K. A. (2023). Youtube videos for listening skills during COVID-19 pandemic: EFL students’ views. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Sains Dan Humaniora, 6(3), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppsh.v6i3.55809
Aullia, L. G. Y. M., & Santosa, M. H. (2025). AI in language education: Systematic review of ELSA Speak’s impact on English. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v13i1.3771
Avsheniuk, N., Seminikhyna, N., Ruban, L., & Sviatiuk, Y. (2025). Exploring Overreliance on AI Tools in English for Specific Purposes Courses: Challenges and Implications for Learning and Academic Integrity. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) (Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence) 3- 20. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/AI.1%20
Azmi, K., & Fithriani, R. (2025). Students ’ perceptions of Gemini AI effectiveness. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 13(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.
Basar, T., & Sahin, L. (2022). Technology integration in teaching English as a foreign language: a content analysis study. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 5(1), 204–222. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.972577
Baskara, F. R. (2025). ChatGPT and Google Gemini in EFL education: A qualitative exploration of pedagogical efficacy among Indonesian sophomores. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 13(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v13i1.9926
Cahyani, P. N. T., Artini, L. P., & Santosa, M. H. (2024). Teaching and learning activities during the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka in Junior High School. Jurnal JOEPALLT (Journal of English Pedagogy, Linguistics, Literature, and Teaching), 12(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.35194/jj.v12i1.4044
Din, W. U., Sadia, F., & Akram, Dr. M. (2022). An evaluation of the Gemini app’s role in learning English parts of speech at the intermediate level in Rahim Yar Khan. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Tesol (JALT), 8(2022-05–23), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.63878/jalt1056
Firdaus, M. R., Irawan, R. R., Mahardika, C. H. Y., Gaol, P. L., & Prinaryanto, B. A. (2024). Tantangan teknologi artificial intelligence pada kegiatan pembelajaran mahasiswa. IJEDR: Indonesian Journal of Education and Development Research, 2(1), 379–384. https://doi.org/10.57235/ijedr.v2i1.1781
Fitria, T. N. (2025). Revolutionizing English learning with AI: Insights from ChatGPT and Google Gemini. International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS), 6(2), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.29040/ijcis.v6i2.219
Hartati, D., Utami, N. C. M., & Imaningtyas. (2025). Studi literatur: Pengaruh penggunaan artificial intelligence terhadap speaking skill peserta didik SD pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(2), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i02.25210
Hazaymeh, W. A., Bouzenoun, A., & Remache, A. (2024). EFL instructors’ perspective on using ai applications in English as a foreign language teaching and learning. Emerging Science Journal, 8(Special Issue), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-05
Imran, M., & Almusharraf, N. (2024). Google Gemini as a next generation AI educational tool: a review of emerging educational technology. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00310-z
Jie, A. L. X., & Kamrozzaman, N. A. (2024). The challenges of higher education students face in using artificial intelligence ( AI ) against their learning experiences. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 362–387. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.1210025
Kartika, N. (2024). Students’ perception of AI Gemini in writing practice. Journal of Language and Technology Integration, 2(1), 55–64.
Keo, V., Sam, R., Lan, B., & Rouet, W. (2025). Students’ perceptions and effects of technology integration in English learning: A case study at National University of Battambang. Journal of English and Education (JEE), 11(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.20885/jee.v11i1.37268
Khan, A., Gul, A., Gul, K., & Rahman, N. U. (2025). The impact of generative AI (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini) on syntax learning and ESL education. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Tesol (JALT), 8(4), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.63878/jalt1308
Khan, A. U., Tahir, A. S., & Ishaque, F. (2025). Exploring the impact of AI tools on English language teaching and learner autonomy. Research Journal for Social Affairs, 3(5), 905–917. https://doi.org/10.71317/rjsa.003.05.0387
Kusuma, I. P. I., Roni, M., Dewi, K. S., & Mahendrayana, G. (2024). Revealing the potential of ChatGPT for English language teaching: EFL preservice teachers’ teaching practicum experience. Studies in English Language and Education, 11(2), 650–670. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i2.34748
Kusuma, P. I., Dewi, N. L. P. E. S., & Paramartha, G. Y. (2024). Informal digital learning of English to support a formal speaking course: EFL preservice teachers’ perceptions and implementation ideas. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 25(4), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1360065
Limna, P., & Shaengchart, Y. (2025). Generative AI as an English writing aid : Thai university students ’ perceptions and experiences with ChatGPT and Gemini. Suranaree Journal of Social Science, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.55766/sjss279466
Llerena-Izquierdo, J., Méndez-Reyes, J., Ayala-Carabajo, R., & Andrade-Martínez, C. (2024). Innovations in introductory programming education: the role of AI with Google Colab and Gemini. Education Sciences, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14121330
Marpaung, S. (2024). Boosting high school students ’ speaking proficiency with Gemini AI. English Journal Antartika, 2(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.70052/eja.v2i1.543
Merta, L. W. S., Ratminingsih, N. M., & Budasi, I. G. (2023). The integration of technology in English language teaching to stimulate students ’ critical thinking. Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature, 17(2), 1–9. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/lc
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Muslimah, A., Triasmoro, W., & Rakhmawati, I. (2025). The effectiveness of using AI Gemini in learning chronological essay writing among second-semester students at Universitas Bhinneka PGRI. Sintaksis : Publikasi Para Ahli Bahasa Dan Sastra Inggris, 3(4), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.61132/sintaksis.v3i4.2132
Nasution, J. S., Siregar, A. M., Hasibuan, E. S., Difla, F., & Azizah, T. N. (2025). Dampak negatif penggunaan AI terhadap mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Riset, 3(1), 35–42. https://jurnaltarbiyah.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/ami/article/view/4293
Nguyen, D. L., Le, P. T. T., & Le, T. T. (2025). Using Gemini for formative assessment in English academic writing - critical insights into the AI tool’s efficacy. AsiaCALL Online Journal, 16(1), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.54855/acoj.2516117
Nirwani, N., & Priyanto. (2024). Integrasi artificial intelligence dalam pembelajaran bahasa di SMP. DIKBASTRA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra, 7(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.22437/dikbastra.v7i1.36858
Nugraha, D. . (2025). Perceptions and attitudes of vocational students in using Google Gemini as a writing tool. Journal of Research in English Language Teaching, 13(02), 30–39. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/retain/article/view/71847
Nugroho, N. R. F., Sukoyo, J., & Insani, N. H. (2025). Pemanfaatan artificial intellegence (AI) dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 11(3), 3350–3365. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v11i3.6574
Omidvar, S., & Meihami, H. (2025). Exploring the “what” and “how” of opportunities and challenges of AI in EFL teacher education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9(July), 100443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100443
Pratiwi, R. T. L., & Yunus, M. (2024). Manfaat dan tantangan penggunaan artificial intelligence (AI) bagi guru dan peserta didik di era society 5.0. Journal of Innovation and Teacher Professionalism, 3(2), 488–494. https://doi.org/10.17977/um084v3i22025p488-494
Putra, I. K. A., Santosa, M. H., & Indrayani, L. (2025). ChatGPT in English language learning: user experience and enjoyment among students and teachers. Journal of Educational Study, 5(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.36663/joes.v5i1.973
Ramadhani, R., Yogica, R., Zulyusri, Z., & Rahmi, F. O. (2025). Pengaruh penggunaan Gemini AI pada perencanaan proyek biologi terhadap kreativitas peserta didik di SMA. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(1), 2313–2319. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.1762
Santosa, M. H. (2017). Learning approaches of Indonesian EFL Gen Z students in a Flipped Learning context. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 7(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v7i2.689
Shukla, M., Goyal, I., Gupta, B., & Sharma, J. (2024). A comparative study of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science and Technology, 12(4), 10–15.https://doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2024.12.4.2
Siadari, E. F., Sitohang, T., & Wulan, E. P. S. (2025). The effect of using the Gemini artificial intelligence (AI) application to improve scientific writing skills in the digital era for grade XI students of Yos Sudarso Private High School, Medan, in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. JKIP : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(3), 814–825. https://doi.org/10.55583/jkip.v6i3.1485
Sneka, M., & Anitha, S. V. (2025). A study on the effectiveness of Google Gemini usage for academic purpose among arts and science college students with special reference to Coimbatore city. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(4), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRTBA02024
Sobaih, A. E. E., & Elnasr, A. E. A. (2025). Battle of AI chatbots: Graduate students’ perceptions of ChatGPT versus Gemini for learning purposes in Egyptian higher education. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 8(1), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2025.8.1.7
Suwastini, N. K. A., Ersani, N. P. D., Padmadewi, N. N., & Artini, L. P. (2021). Schemes of scaffolding in online education. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 7(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.7.1.2941.10-18
Suwastini, N. K. A., Puspawati, N. W. N., Nitiasih, P. K., Adnyani, N. L. P. S., & Rusnalasari, Z. D. (2022). Play-based learning for creating fun language classroom. Lentera Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan, 25(2), 250–270. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2022v25n2i6
Tjahyono, T. D., Kustiyowati, K., & Triwahyuni, E. (2025). Using Gemini AI on the interest and learning outcomes of computer and network engineering students in vocational high schools. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi), 14(2), 370–378. https://doi.org/10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i2.102807
Turnando, I., Thamrin, A. F., Firmasnyah, H., Nelesti, N., Warniati, Rifa’i, & Hidayat, T. (2025). Tantangan dan peluang implementasi AI di sekolah Indonesia: Studi kasus dan best practice. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(1), 1215–1219. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.1731
Utami, N. P., Kembaren, F. R., & Daulay, S. H. (2024). Exploring higher education learners ’ experience of utilizing Gemini chatbot in English language learning. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 10(3), 680–694. https:// 10.55637/jr.10.3.10244.680-694
Wahdini, L., Murtini, M., Susandi, D. G., Rodiyah, S., & Sjafei, I. (2025). Reconstructing language curriculum in the digital era: A qualitative study on the role of technology in transforming learning. Journal of English Education, Literature, and Culture, 10(2), 377-394. https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.10.2.377-394
Wahyuni, R. N., Suryani, I., & Warni, W. (2024). Pemanfaatan gemini dalam pembelajaran bahasa indonesia di SMA: Studi literatur. Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, 7(3), 446–453. https://doi.org/10.30998/diskursus.v7i3.26571
Zhai, J., Sudiarta, I. G. P., Santosa, M. H., & Astawa, I. W. P. (2025). Research on intelligent regulation mechanisms of learner cognitive load in digital learning environments. Future Technology, 4(4), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.55670/fpll.futech.4.4.17
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Miftakul Rokhman Purnama, Made Hery Santosa, Ni Nyoman Padmadewi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright to publish without restrictions and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.





















