Hate Speech in Instagram Comments of DPR RI: A Forensic Linguistic Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v10i1.28128Keywords:
forensic linguistics, hate speech, language and law, social media, violations of the lawAbstract
This study aims to examine the comments on Instagram posts made by the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR RI) through forensic linguistic analysis employing lexical semantics, speech act theory by Searle (1979), and the violation of politeness maxims according to Leech (2014). The research also focuses on identifying legal violations within these comments. The research methodology utilized is qualitative, employing a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through documentation by capturing all comments posted on the DPR RI's Instagram post on July 20, 2023, via screenshots. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively, primarily employing content analysis. Analytical steps included data organization, lexical-semantic analysis, identification and classification of speech acts and violations of politeness maxims, interpretation, and legal violation tracking. The research data comprised five hate comments on the DPR RI's Instagram post concerning the passing away news of its members on July 20, 2023. The analysis revealed that these comments contained negative and derogatory by using language that tarnished reputations and made unsubstantiated accusations. Some comments also violated politeness maxims, particularly the maxims of sympathy and praise. These actions potentially violate Article 310 (2) of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) regarding defamation, Article 315 of the KUHP regarding minor insults, and Article 27 (3) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) regarding defamation through electronic media.
Downloads
References
Adlini, M. N., Dinda, A. H., Yulinda, S., Chotimah, O., & Merliyana, S. J. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 974–980. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3394
Afifuddin, A. (2023). A Review of Maite Correa’s Article on Forensic Linguistics: An Overview of the Intersection and Interaction of Language and Law. JETLEE : Journal of English Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature, 3(1), 46–49. https://doi.org/10.47766/jetlee.v3i1.1352
Aini, Q. (2018). Fungsi Pelanggaran Maksim Prinsip Kesantunan Pada Komentar Berita Online di Fanspage Facebook Merdeka.Com. PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics, 3(2), 200-210. https://doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v3i2.12492
Aisah, A., Triyadi, S., & Pratiwi, W. D. (2023). Analisis Semantik Leksikal pada Portal Berita Kumparan.com Edisi Januari 2022 Relevansinya sebagai Bahan Aajr Teks Berita di SMP Kelas VIII. Jurnal Wahana Pendidikan, 10(2), 267-280. https://doi.org/10.25157/jwp.v10i2.9087
Alduais, A., Al-Khulaidi, M. A., Allegretta, S., & Abdulkhalek, M. M. (2023). Forensic Linguistics: A Scientometric Review. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 10(1), 2214387. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2214387
Alfarizi, M. A., Azizah, H. R. N., Putri, S. A., Linawati, A., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2023). Analisis Tindak Tutur Representatif pada Daftar Putar “MKU Bahasa Indonesia” dalam Kanal Rahmat Petuguran. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(1), 40–53. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.24853/pl.6.1.40-53
Ali Basyah, N., & Razak, A. (2020). Metode Kualitatif Dalam Riset Bisnis: Satu Tinjauan. Economica Didactica, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.17529/jed.v2i01.18369
Ali, R., Farooq, U., Arshad, U., Shahzad, W., & Beg, M. O. (2022). Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Using Transfer Learning. Computer Speech & Language, 74, 101365.
Ardhianti, M., & Indayani. (2022). Tuturan yang Berdampak Hukum Ditinjau dari Elemen dan Fungsi Konteks Kultural di Media Sosial Tik-Tok Indonesia. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 8(1), 143–159. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v8i1.19235
Arianto. (2021). Dugaan Hoaks Seputar Vaksin Covid-19 di Indonesia dalam Kerangka Linguistik Forensik. KoPeN, 3(1), 115-129. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/index.php/Prosiding_KoPeN/article/view/1660
Arnus, S. H. (2015). Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), Pola Baru Berkomunikasi. Al-Munzir, 8(2), 275–289.
Asfar, D. A. (2020). Forensic Linguistics of Hoax Text About Covid-19 Issues That Handled By Police Station of Bengkayang, West Kalimantan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Linguistik dan Sastra (SEMANTIKS) 2020, 218–277. Retrieved from https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosidingsemantiks/article/view/44966
Ash-Shidiq, M. A., & Pratama, A. R. (2021). Ujaran Kebencian di Kalangan Pengguna Media Sosial di Indonesia: Agama dan Pandangan Politik. Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2(1), 1–11. Retrieved from https://journal.uii.ac.id/AUTOMATA/article/view/17286
Aziz, A. (2021). Linguistik Forensik: Sebuah Sumbangsih Linguistik untuk Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan. Jurnal Forensik Kebahasaan, 1(1), 3–8.
Budiarti, D., & Faris, I. N. I. (2022). Analisis Kasus Dugaan Pencemaran Nama Baik terhadap Figur Publik oleh Warganet Instagram. Jurnalistrendi: Jurnal Linguistik, 7(2), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.51673/jurnalistrendi.v7i2.1163
Busri, H., & Badrih, M. (2022). Representation of Linguistic Characteristics in Mass Media. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajarannya, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v8i1.19324
Casim, Suci, D. M., Pratomo, & Sundawati, L. (2019). Kajian Linguistik Forensik Ujaran Bau Ikan Asin oleh Galih Ginanjar terhadap Fairuz A.Rafiq. METABAHASA, 1(2), 22–28.
Datang, F. A. (2020). Perspektif Historis dalam Linguistik Forensik. IJFL: International Journal of Forensic Linguistics, 1(1), 10–16. https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/ijfl
Diani, I., Arono, & Yunita, W. (2022). A Pragmatics Study on Verbal Abuse Against Women and Children by Bengkulu Communities on Social-Media, at Schools, and in Families. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajaran, 8(2), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v8i2.21900
Elstein, S., & Kredens, K. (2023). Occupational Stress in Forensic Linguistic Practice. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 17(1), 50-62.
Erizal, E., Irawan, B., & Setianingsih, C. (2019). Hate Speech Detection in Indonesian Language on Instagram Comment Section Using Maximum Entropy Classification Method. International Conference on Information and Communications Technology, ICOIACT 2019, 533–538. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOIACT46704.2019.8938593
Fariziah, M., Humairoh, N., & Agustina, F. R. (2021). Studi Kasus Pemrolehan Bahasa Pertama pada Anak Usia Empat Tahun. GENIUS, 2(1), 31–39.
Firmansyah, M., Masrun, M., & Yudha S, I. D. K. (2021). Esensi Perbedaan Metode Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Elastisitas-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 3(2), 156–159. https://doi.org/10.29303/e-jep.v3i2.46
Fortuna, P., Soler, J., & Wanner, L. (2020, May). Toxic, Hateful, Offensive or Abusive? What Are we Really Classifying? an Empirical Analysis of Hate Speech Datasets. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (pp. 6786-6794).
Halid, R. (2022). Tindak Tutur Pelaku Pecemaran Nama Baik di Media Sosial Kajian Linguistik Forensik. KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra, 5(2), 441–458. https://doi.org/10.24176/kredo.v5i2.6342
Hamidi, A. (2019). Ambulans Pembawa Batu: Kajian Linguistik Forensik. Etnolingual, 53(9), 168–169.
Hayuwardhani, A. R. (2020). Transitivity Analysis of Gavin Eugene Long’S Suicide Note: A Forensic Linguistic Study. Jurnal Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra, 4(2), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.23917/kls.v4i2.8083
Herwin, H., Mahmudah, M., & Saleh, S. (2021). Analisis Kejahatan Berbahasa dalam Bersosial Media (Linguistik Forensik). FON: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 17(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v17i2.4431
Houtman, H., & Suryati, S. (2018). The History of Forensic Linguistics as an Assisting Tool in the Analysis of Legal Terms. Sriwijaya Law Review, 2(2), 215-232. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol2.iss2.135.pp215-233
Huda, L. (2023). Anggota DPRD DKI Diduga Main “Game Slot” Saat Rapat Paripurna, Pengamat: Yakin, Ini Bukan Pelanggaran Pertama. Kompas.Com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2023/07/21/22362071/anggota-dprd-dki-diduga-main-game-slot-saat-rapat-paripurna-pengamat?page=all
Julius, N. (2024). Data Jumlah Pengguna Instagram di Indonesia 2024. Upgraded.Id. https://upgraded.id/data-jumlah-pengguna-instagram-di-indonesia#:~:text=Berdasarkan laporan We Are Social,122%2C9 juta pengguna Instagram.
Kusno, A., Arifin, M. B., & Mulawarman, W. G. (2022). Pengungkapan Muatan Ujaran Kebencian Berdasarkan Kesukuan pada Bahasa sebagai Alat Bukti Hukum: Analisis Linguistik Forensik (Disclosure of Hate Speaking Based on Ethnicity on Language As Legal Evidence: Forensic Linguistic Analysis). Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya, 12(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v12i2.12721
Leech, G. N. (2014). The Pragmatics of Politeness. Oxford University Press, USA.
Mabaquiao, N. M. (2018). Speech Act Theory: From Austin to Searle. Agustinian Journal, 19(1), 35–46.
Machdori, Maknun, T., & Iswary, E. (2023). Forensic Linguistics Study on Natalius Pigai’S Speech for Central Javanese Ethnic (Jokowi and Ganjar Pranowo as an Object). ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 6(2), 20-33.
Mahsun, M. S. (2018). Linguistik Forensik: Memahami Forensik Berbasis Teks dalam Analogi DNA (Ed.); I). Rajawali Pers.
Majid, A. (2019). Fenomena Penyebaran Hoaxdan Literasi Bermedia Sosial Lembaga Mahasiswa Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Jurnal Komodifikasi, 8(Desember), 228–241.
Masduqi, H., Fatimah, F., & Subiyanto, A. (2021). Qualitative Research into Reading in English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia–Quo Vadis? Indonesian TESOL Journal, 3(2), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.24256/itj.v3i2.1805
Masitoh, D., & Putra, V. G. R. (2024). Mantra Dhanyang Mageri Omah: Analisis Fonologis, Morfologi, dan Sintaktis dalam Perspektif Aksiologis. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 7(1), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i1.854
Mintowati, M., & Dasion, H. Y. T. (2020). Hate Speech: Forensic Linguistics Study. 3rd Social Sciences, Humanities, and Education Conference (SoSHEC 2019) Hate, 380(SoSHEC), 266–268. https://doi.org/10.2991/soshec-19.2019.59
Musawir, M., Amir, J., & Saleh, M. (2022). Honesty in Language in Special Fugitive Scandal: Forensic Linguistic Studies in Broadcasting Talks Indonesia Lawyers Club. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study, 3(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v3i1.256
Nasution, H. (2019). Pencemaran Nama Baik dalam Perspektif Linguistik Forensik. KELASA, 14(1), 12–22.
Nieto, V. G. (2020). Defamation as a Language Crime —A Sociopragmatic Approach to Defamation Cases in the High Courts of Justice of Spain. International Journal of Language and Law, 9(March 2019), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14762/jll.2020.001
Ningrum, D. J., Suryadi, S., & Chandra Wardhana, D. E. (2019). Kajian Ujaran Kebencian di Media Sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS, 2(3), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.33369/jik.v2i3.6779
Pericha, A. D. R. (2019). Mengungkap Makna Surat Wasiat Bunuh Diri di Media Berita Online Berbahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Bioleuser, 3(1), 5–9.
Prasetyo, S. E. (2022). Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Pedagang Tradisional dalam Mengelola Keluhan Pelanggan di Pasar Pembangunan Deli Serdang [Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara].
Pratama, R. L. (2023). Apa Itu Judi Slot? Berikut Pengertian, Sejarah, Risiko, hingga Ancaman Pidananya. Kompas.Com.https://www.kompas.tv/lifestyle/427835/apa-itu-judi-slot-berikut-pengertian-sejarah-risiko-hingga-ancaman-pidananya?page=all
Putra, V. G. R., Novela, F., & Busri, H. (2024). Linguistic Landscape Study: Signs of Public Transportation Places in Sidoarjo Regency. DIGLOSIA: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 7(1), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i1.866
Putra, V. G. R., Viono, T., & Ambarwati, A. (2023). Absurditas dalam Kumpulan Cerita pada Buku Cerita Rakyat Daerah Jawa Timur. Semantik, 12(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.22460/semantik.v12i2.161-174
Rachmad, R. N., & Milal, A. D. (2023). A Forensic Linguistic Study. Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, 15(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v15i1.2756
Rahmah, F., Hari, L., Ndraha, O., & Widyanti, P. (2023). Analisis Makna Leksikal dan Idomatikal Umpassa (Limbaga dalam Adat Pranikah Batak Simalungun): Kajian Semantik. LOA: Jurnal Ketatabahasaan dan Kesusastraan, 18(1), 83–90.
Rahman, N. I. Z. (2019). Penggunaan Kata Tabu di Media Sosial: Kajian Linguistik Forensik. SEMIOTIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Linguistik, 20(2), 120. https://doi.org/10.19184/semiotika.v20i2.13823
Ramadhan, C. (2018). Konvergensi Civil Law dan Common Law di Indonesia dalam Penemuan dan Pembentukan Hukum. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 30(2), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.31169
Ramadhani, F. (2021). Ujaran Kebencian Netizen Indonesia dalam Kolom Komentar Instagram Selebgram Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Linguistik Forensik. AKSARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 22(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23960/aksara/v22i1.pp1-19
Ray, S. A. (2019). Analisis Jenis-Jenis Metafora dalam Surat Kabar: Kajian Semantik. BASASTRA, 3(2), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.30743/bahastra.v1i2.1153
Rokhmah, A. I. N., Widawati, C. W., Yuniarta, I. R., & Suwandi, S. (2022). Studi Kasus Pelaksanaan Asesmen Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Menggunakan Aplikasi Moodle. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 9(2), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v9i2.51644
Rusdiansyah. (2020). Hukum dan Linguistik Forensik. Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 5(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.24256/alw.v5i1.1420
Russilawati, R., Kadariyah, N., & Fajrianor, F. (2022) Pelanggaran Prinsip Kesopanan pada Interaksi Mata Kuliah Cross Cultural Understanding. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Linguistik dan Sastra (SEMANTIKS) (Vol. 4, pp. 412-422).
Ruzaite, J. (2018). In search of hate speech in Lithuanian public discourse: A corpus-assisted analysis of online comments. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 14(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2018-0005
Saifudin, A. (2019). Teori Tindak Tutur dalam Studi Linguistik Pragmatik. LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya, 15(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.33633/lite.v15i1.2382
Salsabila, G., & Indrawati, D. (2022). Analisis Semantik Leksikal pada Lirik Lagu dalam Album “Manusia” Karya Tulus. Jurnal SAPALA, 9(3), 34–40.
Santoso, D. (2020). A Forensic Linguistics Study of Ahok’s Statements in Psychological Variables Use Computerized Text Analysis. TEST: Engineering & Management, 83(May-June 2020), 11485–11494.
Saputro, G. (2019). Studi Kasus Linguistik Forensik: Hoaks Rekaman Suara yang Diduga Gatot Nurmantyo. DIKSI, 27(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v27i1.26171
Satria, H., Darwis, M., & Kamsinah, K. (2022). Implikatur Percakapan Interogasi terhadap Saksi/Korban Penganiayaan: Kajian Linguistik Forensik. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 10(2), 18–21.
Sawirman, Hadi, N., & Yusdi, M. (2014). Linguistik Forensik (Y. Markolinda (Ed.); 1st ed.). Andalas University Press.
Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press.
Sempat Viral di Media Sosial, Apa Arti Cuaks? (2023). CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20230703082627-284-968683/sempat-viral-di-media-sosial-apa-arti-cuaks
Setiawan, F., Prasetya, A. D. A., & Putra, R. S. (2022). Analisis wacana kritis model Teun Van Dijk pada pemberitaan kasus pencabulan santri oleh anak Kiai Jombang dalam media online. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 8(2), 224-237. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v8i2.21772
Shabrina, S. N., Zamzani, & Setiawan, T. (2022). Analisis Teks Hoaks Seputar Informasi Bank: Kajian Bahasa Perspektif Analisis Wacana Kritis dan Linguistik Forensik. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 8(2), 492–507. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v8i2.21478
Siddiqui, K. A., Bahawal, S., Rashid, H. A., Usama, A. R., & Aizaz, S. (2021). Qualitative Research in Applied Linguistics: A Practical Introduction, edited by Juanita Heigham and Robert Croker. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 2(5), 610–613. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v2i5.110
Simanjuntak, E. (2019). Peran Yurisprudensi dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 16(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1615
Subyantoro. (2019). Linguistik Forensik: Sumbangsih Kajian Bahasa dalam Penegakan Hukum. Adil Indonesia Journal, 1(1), 51–60.
Subyantoro. (2022). Linguistik Forensik: Sebuah Pengantar (M. Arbarini (Ed.); 1st ed., Issue 1). CV Farishma Indonesia.
Sugiarto, S., & Qurratulaini, R. (2020). Potensi Kriminal Cyber Crime pada Meme: Sebuah Kajian Linguistik Forensik. Deiksis: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.33603/deiksis.v7i1.2495
Suryani, Y., Istianingrum, R., & Hanik, S. U. (2021). Linguistik Forensik Ujaran Kebencian terhadap Artis Aurel Hermansyah di Media Sosial Instagram. Belajar Bahasa, 6(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.32528/bb.v6i1.4167
Susanthi, I. G. A. A. D. (2021). Analisis Pencemaran Nama Baik dengan Kajian Linguistik Forensik. IJFL (International Journal of Forensic Linguistic, 2(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.22225/ijfl.2.1.4067.1-3
Susanto, & Nanda, D. S. (2020). Dimensi Analisis Bahasa dalam Linguistik Forensik. IJFL: International Journal of Forensic Linguistics, 1(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.22225/ijfl.1.1.1327.17-22
Syahid, A., Sudana, D., & Bachari, A. D. (2022). Perundungan Siber (Cyberbullying) Bermuatan Penistaan Agama di Media Sosial yang Berdampak Hukum: Kajian Linguistik Forensik. SEMANTIK, 11(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.22460/semantik.v11i1.p17-32
Syarif, E. (2020). Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Sikap dan Pendapat Pemuda Mengenai Ujaran Kebencian. Jurnal Common, 3(2), 120–141. https://doi.org/10.34010/common.v3i2.2602
Tiersma, P. M. (2020). What is Language and Law? And Does Anyone Care? Legal Studies Paper, 11, 131–148.
Tulung, A. A., Suskarwati, S. U., & Abinta, V. C. (2021). Instagram as Media Government Public Relations Ministry of Communication and Information Technology during the Covid-19 Pandemic. COMMED: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Media, 5(2), 137–153. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v2i4.90
Vie, S. I. R., Tvarka, O. J. I., & Putvinskio, H. V. (2015). The Role of Interrelation Between Language and Law. Public Security and Public Order, 13, 223–232.
Waljinah, S. (2016). Linguistik Forensik Interogasi: Kajian Implikatur Percakapan dari Perspektif Makna Simbolik Bahasa Hukum. Prosiding Prasasti, 0(0), 740–744.
Waruwu, D. F. M., & Vera, N. (2020). Ujaran Kebencian di Media Sosial (Studi Netnografi di Akun Instagram @prof.tjokhowie). AGUNA: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(1), 55–69.
Widyatnyana, K. N., Rasna, I. W., & Putrayasa, I. B. (2023). Analisis Jenis dan Makna Pragmatik Ujaran Kebencian di dalam Media Sosial Twitter. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, 12(1), 68–78.
Wikikamus. (n.d.-a). Pusat Layanan Universitas STEKOM/STIE STEKOM. Retrieved April 11, 2024, from https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/Wikikamus
Wikikamus. (n.d.-b). Wikikamus. Retrieved April 11, 2024, from https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/sok
Wikikamus. (n.d.-c). Wikikamus. Retrieved April 11, 2024, from https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/mencret
Yani, M., & Nurfidah. (2023). Kajian Pragmatik Percakapan Dosen dan Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Pragmatik Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia STKIP Harapan Bima. Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala, 8(1), 322–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/jupe.v8i1.4985
Zaman, S. (2022). Karakterisasi Ujaran Negatif Berdampak Hukum di Indonesia: Kajian Linguistik Forensik (Characterization of Negative Speech With Legal Impact in Indonesia: Forensic Linguistic Study). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Linguistik dan Sastra (SEMANTIKS), 4, 423–435.
Zhang, Z., Robinson, D., & Tepper, J. (2018). Detecting Hate Speech on Twitter Using a Convolution-GRU Based Deep Neural Network. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 10843 LNCS, 745–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_48
Zulkarnain, L. P. (2023). Semantik Leksikal Pantun dalam Sastra Sasak. Jurnal Ilmiah Telaah, 8(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.31764/telaah.v8i1.13360
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with The KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) agree to the following terms:
Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY 3.0).
Under the CC-BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors grant others permission to use the content of publications in KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) in whole or in part provided that the original work is properly cited. Users (redistributors) of KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya are required to cite the original source, including the author's names, KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) as the initial source of publication, year of publication, volume number and DOI (if available).
Authors may publish the manuscript in any other journal or medium but any such subsequent publication must include a notice that the manuscript was initially published by KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal).
Authors grant KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (e-Journal) the right of first publication. Although authors remain the copyright owner, they grant the journal the irrevocable, nonexclusive rights to publish, reproduce, publicly distribute and display, and transmit their article or portions thereof in any manner.
_.png)
