Muhammadiyah Ijtihad in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic Outbreak: Cases of Mass Implementation of Worship in Mosques

Ashfa Afkarina

Authors

Ashfa Afkarina

Keywords:

Ijtihad, Muhammadiyah, collective and interdisciplinary ijtihad, the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

This study wants to discuss Muhammadiyah's ijtihad in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Indonesia. Through the approach of Islamic legal philosophy and ushul al-fiqh in particular, this thesis answers three important questions. First, what is the product of Muhammadiyah's ijtihad in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, why is ijtihad important? Third, how is ijtihad done? Efforts to answer these three questions are the first step in the academic world to research Muhammadiyah ijtihad in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. This thesis finds that Muhammadiyah's ijtihad product related to mass worship issues in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic is PP Muhammadiyah Circular Number: 03/EDR/I.0/E/2020 concerning Guidance for Worship in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period (24 March 2020 ) and (31 March 2020). Ijtihad Muhammadiyah is considered important because it wants to solve the problem of mass worship during the Covid-19 pandemic. With the principle of emergency in religion, activities that involve many people (mass) are not recommended to minimize the spread of the deadly Corona virus. For Muhammadiyah, preserving the human soul (hifdz al-nafs) is a very important goal of Islamic law (maqashid al-syariah). Thus, the ijtihad is part of Muhammadiyah's humanitarian mission. Muhammadiyah ijtihad is carried out through several stages. The Muhammadiyah Central Executive asked the Tarjih and Tajdid Council, MDMC, MCCC, MPKU (General Health Supervisory Council) and experts (doctors, epidemiologists and virologists) to collectively ijtihad. This ijtihad is carried out collectively and interdisciplinary. Then the results of the ijtihad were discussed at PP Muhammadiyah. The PP Muhammadiyah team then released a Circular regarding Worship in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period. This thesis argues that Muhammadiyah's ijtihad effort is the implementation of a progressive Islamic paradigm that is oriented towards solving contemporary problems and the heresy of the ummah. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, this was done collectively and interdisciplinary because it involved experts from various disciplines, based on the principle of maqashid al-syariah (hifdz al-nafs).

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