Arketipe peran Ibu dalam cerita rakyat nusantara dan kontribusinya terhadap terapi lintas budaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v5i2.18019Keywords:
Arketipe, Cerita Rakyat Nusantara, Terapi Lintas BudayaAbstract
Saat ini, sensivitas budaya di bidang psikoterapi menjadi isu yang penting karena tumbuhnya kesadaran bahwa berbagai praktik yang dilakukan selama ini bersifat Eurosentris. Para ahli mengabaikan fakta keberagaman latar belakang budaya pasien. Padahal, banyak terapis yang menangani pasien dari berbagai latar belakang budaya menyadari adanya keunikan budaya pada setiap pasiennya. Sayangnya, belum banyak riset yang berusaha memahami dan menggali kekayaan budaya yang ada dalam cerita rakyat dan dimanfaatkan dalam bidang terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeksripsikan arketipe peran Ibu dalam cerita rakyat nusantara dan signifikansinya sebagai mental budaya masyarakat dapat berkontribusi terhadap terapi lintas budaya. Penelitian menggunakan 288 cerita rakyat Nusantara. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis isi dan studi dokumen. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan dalam imajinasi kolektif masyarakat Nusantara, Ibu arketipe peran Ibu termanifestasi dalam bentuk peran Ibu yang baik, Ibu yang buruk, dan peran Ibu yang bertransformasi. Ibu tidak hanya menjadi sosok protagonis yang memberikan perlindungan, kehidupan, dan kesejahteraan, tetapi juga menjadi antagonis yang mampu menjadi sosok menakutkan bagi anaknya. Dalam oposisi biner ini, sosok Ibu juga mampu bertranformasi dengan mengubah peranannya sesuai dengan konteks situasi yang menyertainya, yaitu Ibu protagonis menjadi sosok antagonis yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakpatuhan anaknya atau hadirnya pihak ketiga. Ketiga arketipe peran Ibu tersebut merupakan gambaran dari imajinasi kolektif masyarakat Nusantara dalam menggambarkan peran Ibu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Gambaran ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang terapi, khususnya dalam proses terapi yang melibatkan pasien anak-anak atau Ibu. Arketipe peran Ibu dapat menjadi gambaran mengenai nilai-nilai yang melekat pada sosok Ibu dan menjadi mental budaya masyarakat Nusantara.
Currently, cultural sensitivity in the field of psychotherapy has become an important issue due to the growing awareness that various practices carried out so far are Eurocentric. Experts ignore the fact that the patient's cultural background is diverse. In fact, many therapists who treat patients from various cultural backgrounds are aware of the cultural uniqueness of each patient. Unfortunately, not much research has tried to understand and explore the cultural richness that exists in folklore and is used in the field of therapy. This study aims to describe the archetype of the mother in the folklore of the archipelago and its significance as a community mental culture that can contrIbute to cross-cultural therapy. The study used 240 Indonesian folk tales. The analytical method used is content analysis and document study. The results of the study show that in the collective imagination of the people of the archipelago, the archetypal mother role is manifested in the form of a good mother role, a bad mother, and a transformed mother role. Mother is not only a protagonist who provides protection, life, and welfare, but also becomes an antagonist who can become a frightening figure for her child. In this binary opposition, the mother figure is also able to transform by changing her role according to the context of the accompanying situation, namely the protagonist's mother becomes an antagonist figure caused by the disobedience of her child or the presence of a third party. The three archetypes of the mother's role are an illustration of the collective imagination of the Indonesian people in describing the role of mothers in everyday life. This picture can be used in the field of therapy, especially in the therapeutic process involving children or mothers. The archetype of the mother's role can be an illustration of the values attached to the mother figure and become the cultural mentality of the Indonesian people.
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