Konstruksi gender dalam sastra anak Sunda Nala karya Darpan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v6i1.20250Keywords:
Gender normatif, Konstruksi, Novelet Nala, Sastra anak, SundaAbstract
Nala adalah sastra anak Sunda yang mengantarkan Darpan mendapatkan Hadiah Samsoedi pada tahun 2016, yaitu hadiah yang diberikan kepada penulis sastra anak berbahasa Sunda. Nala penting untuk dibahas karena ditulis oleh seorang penulis laki-laki yang memusatkan cerita pada tokoh anak perempuan tomboi yang kemudian diarahkan untuk menjadi perempuan feminin. Dari gambaran tersebut Nala diasumsikan menghadirkan konstruksi gender yang kaku yang menuntut perempuan untuk menunjukkan atribusi feminin; laki-laki harus menunjukkan atribusi maskulin. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan konstruksi gender yang dimanifestasikan melalui penggambaran sikap serta peran tokoh perempuan dan tokoh laki-laki dalam Nala karya Darpan. Metode deskriptif-kualitatif digunakan di dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis untuk melihat bagaimana citra perempuan dihadirkan di dalam karya sastra yang ditulis oleh laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di dalam Nala, konstruksi dan peran gender ditampilkan secara kaku bahwa perempuan harus feminin dan laki-laki harus maskulin. Dari temuan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa konstruksi gender yang ditampilkan di dalam Nala masih berorientasi pada konstruksi gender normatif, yang berkenaan dengan sikap dan peran. Penggambaran gender normatif tersebut menafikan adanya potensi konstruksi gender alternatif seperti yang dihadirkan melalui tokoh Nala, anak perempuan tomboi, sehingga digiring untuk mengikuti peran feminin.
Nala is a Sundanese children's literature that led Darpan to achieve the Samsoedi Prize, a prize awarded to notable writers of Sundanese children's literature, in 2016. Examining Nala is important because it is written by a male writer who focuses the story on a tomboy girl character, directed to become a feminine girl. From this description, Nala is assumed to present a rigid gender construction that requires women to show feminine attributions in contrast to men that must exhibit masculine attributions. This article aims to discuss gender construction manifested through the description of attitudes and roles of female and male characters in Darpan's Nala. Descriptive-qualitative method was employed in this study. In addition, this study used a feminist literary criticism approach to see how the image of women is presented in literary works written by men. The results show that the construction of gender and roles is depicted rigidly, in a way that women must be feminine, and men must be masculine. The findings led to a conclusion that the gender construction shown in Nala is aligned with the normative gender construction, which relates to certain attitudes and roles. The depiction of normative gender denies the potential for alternative gender construction as presented through the character of Nala, a tomboyish girl who is led and expected to follow the feminine role.
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