Mitos dan paradoks diskursus perempuan dalam film horor Kuime (Over Your Dead Body)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v6i2.22952Keywords:
Diskursus Horor Mitos Paradoks PerempuanAbstract
Genre horor seringkali menghadirkan perempuan sebagai sosok mengerikan dan menakutkan. Penggambaran tersebut berangkat dari mitos tentang perempuan yang sengaja direpresentasikan sebagai sosok yang mengancam laki-laki. Sebagai akibatnya, sosok menakutkan dan mengerikan diidentikkan dengan perempuan. Terkait dengan mayoritas karya bergenre horor yang menampilkan perempuan sebagai sosok yang menakutkan dan mengerikan dengan teror dan penampilannya, horor di Jepang yang biasa disebut dengan kaidan (怪談) juga masih mempertahankan praktik tersebut. Bahkan dalam kaidan, perempuan dinarasikan dan divisualisasikan secara lebih spesifik, yaitu ditampilkan dalam wujud hantu balas dendam. Terdapat paradoks hantu balas dendam sebagai tokoh jahat dalam cerita yang di sisi lain dimaklumi karena semasa hidupnya ia mengalami ketidakadilan dan penindasan oleh laki-laki. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis film Kuime yang menampilkan bahwa narasi dan visualisasi hantu perempuan Jepang merupakan sebuah diskursus dari pemahaman masyarakat Jepang mengenai perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan teori analisis wacana kritis oleh Norman Fairclough. Teori tersebut mencakup analisis deskripsi linguistik dari teks, interpretasi hubungan antara proses diskursif dengan teks, serta hubungan antara proses diskursif dengan proses sosial. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat diskursus posisi dan peran perempuan dalam masyarakat Jepang yang memengaruhi pembentukan mitos hantu perempuan pada karya bergenre horor di Jepang. Dengan adanya diskursus tandingan dalam paradoks hantu dan pembunuh perempuan pada film Kuime, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perubahan pada pemaknaan perempuan dalam film horor Jepang yang pada awalnya dimaknai sebagai bentuk manifestasi ketakutan laki-laki terhadap perempuan menjadi pemaknaan yang berpusat pada keberdayaan perempuan.
The horror genre often portrays women as terrible Gambars. Women are deliberately represented as a menace to men. As a result, a frightening and terrible Gambar is identified as a woman. Related to the most of horror genre that represents women as terrifying Gambars with terror and grim appearance, Japanese horror, known as kaidan (怪談) also still maintains this practice. In kaidan, women are narrated and visualized more specifically in revenge ghost Gambars. There is a paradox in the vengeful female ghost who is seen as an evil character in the story, but her revenge is understandable because she was wronged and oppressed by men. This research was conducted to analyze Kuime, a Japanese horror film which shows that the narration and visualization of Japanese female ghosts is a discourse on the stereotypes about women in Japanese culture. The method used in this research is a literature study with a qualitative approach using the theory of critical discourse analysis by Norman Fairclough. The theory includes the analysis of the linguistic description of the text, the interpretation of the relationship between the discursive process and the text, and the relationship between the discursive process and the social process. The result of this research shows that discourse about the position and role of Japanese women builds the myth of female ghosts in Japanese horror. By the counter-discourse in the paradox of ghosts and female killers in Kuime, it can be concluded that there is a change in the meaning of women in Japanese horror films, which was interpreted as a manifestation of men's fear of women becoming centered to women's empowerment.
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