Transendentalisme: Arkeologi pengetahuan Asia dalam pemikiran Henry David Thoreau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v7i1.24782Keywords:
discourse analysisAbstract
Henry David Thoreau merupakan pemikir politik dan lingkungan Amerika yang menggaungkan cara bepikir transendentalisme dalam perjuangannya. Transendentalisme berupaya menghilangkan relasi subjek-objek dalam praktik sosial yang secara tidak langsung tengah mengkoptasi pemikiran Amerika kala itu sehingga melahirkan peperangan, perbudakan dan juga perusakan alam. Tulisan ini lalu ingin memulihkan corak pemikiran transendentalis Asia khususnya Baghavad Gita yang samar samar juga turut membantu membentuk tradisi Amerika. Pemikiran revolusioner demi menolak penindasan justru terlahir melalui gaya transendentalis yang secara metodis menghilangkan relasi subjek dan objek yang tengah populer kala itu. Hilangnya relasi subjek objek secara metodis menghadirkan perspektif bahwa manusia bukanlah subjek untuk memanipulasi alam sebagai objek, menghilangkan hirarki sosial seperti perbudakan karena manusia lain tidak boleh direndahkan karena dianggap objek, dan pemerintahan tidak boleh membungkam warga negara minoritas yang tidak masuk dalam hitungan mayoritas. Meminjam tradisi Foucauldian, tulisan ini secara metodologi pun hendak melacak pemikiran Thoreau yang masih memiliki nuansa Asia. Pelacakan jejak Asia di dalam tradisi pemikiran Thoreau ingin memberikan alternatif bahwa peperangan, perbudakan dan penaklukan adalah pengkhianatan pada cita-cita pembebasan.
Henry David Thoreau is an American political and environmental thinker who echoed the transcendentalist way of thinking in his struggle. Transcendentalism seeks to eliminate subject-object relations in social practices that indirectly co-opted American thinking at the time, resulting in wars, slavery and the destruction of nature. His revolutionary thinking about transcendentalism was actually born through his consumption of eastern discourse, especially Hindhuism with its Bagavad Geeta. The disappearance of subject-object relations presents the perspective that humans are not subjects to manipulate nature as an object, eliminate social hierarchies such as slavery because other humans should not be humiliated because they are considered objects, and the government should not silence minority citizens who are not included in the majority count. This paper methodologically retraces all the Asian thought that anchors Thoreau's thought archaeologically, which seems to have been marginalised in the western tradition. The tracing of Asian views in the tradition of Thoreau's thought wants to provide an alternative that war, slavery and conquest are a betrayal of the ideals of freedom.
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