Table Manner Masyarakat Jepang sebagai Bentuk Penerapan Ajaran Konfusianisme di Asia Timur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v7i2.26404Keywords:
Asia Timur, konfusianisme, etika, table manner JepangAbstract
Table manner merupakan salah satu bentuk budaya dalam aspek etika, adat, istiadat, tradisi, dan perilaku atau kebiasaan masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tentang elemen-elemen dalam table manner masyarakat Jepang yang dapat mencerminkan ajaran konfusianisme sebagai ajaran yang melatarbelakangi budaya di kawasan Asia Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan data yang diperoleh sesuai dengan fenomena yang terjadi di masyarakat. Pendekatan yang digunakan merupakan pendekatan fenomenologi sebagai jembatan dalam mengungkap realitas di balik fenomena yang terjadi guna menunjang penelitian mengenai budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 4 ajaran konfusianisme yang diterapkan dalam table manner masyarakat Jepang adalah Ren, Li, Xiao, dan Lian. Lebih lengkapnya yakni: Ren memiliki arti cinta kasih/kemanusiaan (makan dalam posisi duduk di atas tatami), Li memiliki arti tata krama (etika dalam penggunaan sumpit dan posisi tubuh ketika makan), Xiao memiliki arti menhormati dan menghargai (mengucapkan “itadakimasu” sebelum makan dan “gochisousama deshita” setelah makan), dan Lian memiliki arti kebersihan (etika membersihkan tangan menggunakan handuk atau oshibori). Melalui penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa table manner yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Jepang memang merefleksikan bentuk penerapan ajaran konfusianisme di Asia Timur.
Table manners are one of the cultures in terms of ethics, customs, traditions, and the behavior or habits of the people. This study discusses about the elements in the table manners of Japanese society which can reflect the principle of Confucianism as the cultural background in the East Asian region. This research was used qualitative research methods by describing the data obtained according to phenomena that occur in society. The approach used is a phenomenological approach as a bridge in uncovering the reality behind the phenomena that occur in order to support research on culture. The research results show 4 Confucianism principle that applied in the table manners of Japanese society are Ren, Li, Xiao, and Lian. The complete informations are: Ren means love/humanity (eating in a sitting position on tatami), Li means etiquette (ethics in using chopsticks and body position when eating), Xiao means respect and appreciation (saying "itadakimasu" before eating and “gochisousama deshita” after eating), and Lian means cleanliness (ethics of cleaning hands using a towel or oshibori). From this research, it concluded that the table manners which used by Japanese society can reflect the implementation of Confucianism principle in East Asia.
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