Model Kelembagaan Adat Desa dalam Membangun Ekonomi Produktif Masyarakat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v8i1.29364Keywords:
lembaga adat desa, model kelembagaan, ekonomi produktif, Suku TenggerAbstract
Di tengah minimnya studi tentang model kelembagaan adat dan peranannya dalam sektor ekonomi, riset ini bertujuan untuk melahirkan model organisasi Lembaga Adat Desa yang efektif dan menggambarkan peranannya dalam pengembangan kegiatan ekonomi produktif masyarakat. Mengambil desain kualitatif, riset ini dilakukan di Desa Ngadisari Probolinggo dengan memanfaatkan teknik pengumpulan data seperti wawancara dan observasi. Dengan analisis tematik, hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa struktur kelembagaan adat di desa ini cenderung bersifat informal dan menekankan adanya kolaborasi kolegial antara kepala desa, Paruman Dukun Tengger, dan Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia. Ketiganya membentuk kesatuan entitas unik yang bertugas dalam melestarikan adat dan mengayomi masyarakat terkait hal-hal apapun. Peranan Lembaga Adat Desa ini dalam mengungkit kegiatan ekonomi produktif masyarakat cukup tampak dalam fungsinya sebagai pelindung aset ekonomi warga, lembaga yang mengajarkan pendekatan spiritual dan kearifan lokal terkait sektor mata pencaharian masyarakat, penegak aturan adat untuk konservasi alam, inisiator kolaborasi dengan pihak luar, mentor teknis di sektor ekonomi, dan pengelola keharmonisan sosial dalam bekerja. Studi ini merekomendasikan agar model kelembagaan adat desa seperti ini hendaknya dipertahankan sebagai pola kepemimpinan yang unik untuk melestarikan adat, membantu pengembangan ekonomi produktif, dan mengayomi masyarakat.
Amidst the paucity of research on the customary institutional model and its involvement in the economic domain, this study endeavors to formulate an effective organizational framework for the village customary institution and scrutinize its contributions to the advancement of the community's productive economic endeavors. Employing a qualitative approach, this investigation was carried out in Ngadisari Village, Probolinggo, using data collection techniques including interviews and observations. With thematic analysis, the findings reveal that the structure of the customary institution in this village leans towards informality, prioritizing collaborative partnerships between the village head, Paruman Dukun Tengger, and Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia. These three entities together constitute a distinctive and cohesive unit, entrusted with the preservation of traditions and safeguarding the community's interests across diverse spheres. The village customary institution plays a discernible role in catalyzing the community's productive economic undertakings. It functions as a guardian of the community's economic assets, an institution that imparts spiritual insights and indigenous wisdom pertinent to the community's livelihood pursuits, enforcers of traditional regulations for ecological preservation, initiators of collaborative ventures with external entities, technical mentors in the economic domain, and managers of harmonious workplace interactions. This study recommends that such a model of village customary institutions should be preserved as a unique leadership pattern to preserve traditions, aid in the development of productive economies, and nurture communities.
Downloads
References
Adinda, A. R. A., Arkanudin, A., Purnama, D. T., & Batualo, I. D. (2022). Perubahan pola kehidupan masyarakat adat: Studi etnografi pada masyarakat Dayak Ribun di sekitar perkebunan kelapa sawit Parindu Kabupaten Sanggau. Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya Dan Perubahan Sosial, 6(2), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v6i2.21523
Alus, C. (2014). Peran Lembaga Adat dalam pelestarian kearifan lokal Suku Sahu di Desa Balisoan Kecamatan Sahu Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Acta Diurna, III(4), 1–16.
Armida. (2010). Eksistensi Lembaga Adat: Studi kasus Lembaga Adat Melayu Jambi Tanah Pilih Pasko Batuah Kota Jambi dan Tinjauan Kritis terhadap Perda No. 5 Tahun 2007. Kontekstualita, 25(1), 113–136.
Aziz, N. M. (2011). Laporan akhir tim pemantauan dan inventarisasi perkembangan hukum adat Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional. In Kementerian Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia RI Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional.
Bachrein, S. (2018). Pendekatan pembangunan desa di Jawa Barat: Strategi dan kebijakan pembangunan perdesaan. IAARD E-Journal, 8(2), 133–149.
Bahrudin, B. (2022). Analisis kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat suku tengger di desa ngadisari kecamatan sukapura kabupaten probolinggo. Iqtishodiyah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 8(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.36835/iqtishodiyah.v8i2.785
Binada, U. (2019). Konstruksi identitas komunal masyarakat adat Suku Tengger dari zaman kerajaan hingga pasca reformasi. Waskita, 3(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.waskita.2019.003.01.6
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613
Dahom, A., Ranteallo, I. C., & Punia, I. N. (2016). Peran Lembaga Adat dalam pengelolaan daya tarik pariwisata Waerebo di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi (SOROT), 1(1), 1–5.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550. https://doi.org/10.2307/258557
Faletehan, A. F. (2023). Kemiskinan kronis berkelanjutan di masyarakat kawasan hutan. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 12(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v12i1.50290
Firdaus. (2017). Peran Lembaga Adat Kenagarian Rumbio dalam pelestarian hutan larangan adat (Studi: Hutan larangan adat Kenagarian Rumbio Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar). JOM Fisip, 4(1), 1–13.
Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications.
Gibbert, M., & Ruigrok, W. (2010). The “what” and “how” of case study rigor: Three strategies based on published work. Organizational Research Methods, 13(4), 710–737. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109351319
Gunawan, J. (2021). Studi rekognisi masyarakat adat di Amerika dan Indonesia. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan), 5(2). https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v5i2.1953
Hakim, M. L., & Qurbani, I. D. (2022). Analisis normatif pengaturan pembentukan desa adat. Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara & Administrasi Negara, 1(2), 92–106.
Hefner, R. W. (1990). Geger Tengger. Yogyakarta: LP3ES.
Herlambang, Putra, Y. S., & Fernando, Z. J. (2022). Pemberdayaan Lembaga Adat dalam proses penyelesaian konflik masyarakat Desa Rindu Hati Bengkulu Tengah. Al-Imarah: Jurnal Pemerintah Dan Politik Islam, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v7i1.6228
Iorio, M., & Corsale, A. (2014). Community-based tourism and networking: Viscri, Romania. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(2), 234–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.802327
Kurnia, G., Setiawan, I., Tridakusumah, A. C., Jaelani, G., Heryanto, M. A., & Nugraha, A. (2022). Local wisdom for ensuring agriculture sustainability: A case from Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(14), 8823. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148823
Lestari, O., & Hudaidah, H. (2023). Potensi wisata religi makam Ki Marogan sebagai upaya pelestarian kearifan lokal di kota Palembang. Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya Dan Perubahan Sosial, 7(1), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v7i1.25265
Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia. (2018). Peraturan Menteri dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia nomor 18 tahun 2018 tentang Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa dan Lembaga Adat Desa.
Nadriana, L., Utomo, S. L., Negara, P. D., & Rato, D. (2022). Optimalisasi fungsi lembaga adat dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat Adat Osing Banyuwangi. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(6), 677–684. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpmi.785
Nerfa, L., Rhemtulla, J. M., & Zerriffi, H. (2020). Forest dependence is more than forest income: Development of a new index of forest product collection and livelihood resources. World Development, 125, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104689
Ngongo, Y., Basuki, T., DeRosari, B., Hosang, E. Y., Nulik, J., DaSilva, H., … Mau, Y. S. (2022). Local wisdom of West Timorese farmers in land Management. Sustainability, 14(10), 6023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106023
Oktarina, N., Nopianti, H., & Himawati, I. P. (2022). Kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan Kecamatan Pesisir Tengah Kabupaten Pesisir Barat Lampung. Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya Dan Perubahan Sosial, 6(1), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v6i1.19609
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa.
Presilia, R. F. A. D., Syaviar, F. A., Ubadati, N., & Sumarmi, S. (2018). Kearifan lokal Trihitakarana Suku Tengger dalam kelangsungan konservasi Ranu Pani. Jurnal Teori Dan Praksis Pembelajaran IPS, 3(2), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.17977/um022v3i22018p076
Ramadhani, W., & Safitri, I. (2019). Implikasi pemberdayaan Lembaga Adat sebagai alternatif dalam penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan di Aceh. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, 14(2), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v14i2.1545
Rifa’i, N., & Kamaludin, M. (2021). The concept of spiritual tourism. Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya Dan Perubahan Sosial, 5(1), 142–151. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v5i1.15530
Samsul, I. (2014). Penguatan Lembaga Adat sebagai lembaga alternatif penyelesaian sengketa. Negara Hukum, 5(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v5i2.237
Shepherd, G., Warner, K., & Hogarth, N. (2020). Forests and poverty: How has our understanding of the relationship been changed by experience? International Forestry Review, 22(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554820829523907
Sihombing, R. D. (2023). Problematika hukum terhadap transisi perubahan status desa menjadi desa adat. Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara & Administrasi Negara, 2(1), 175–191.
Siregar, Z. (2022). Partuha Maujana Simalungun (PMS): Lembaga adat penjaga identitas etnik Simalungun, 1964-1969. MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 6(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v6i1.4887
Smit, B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2018). Observations in qualitative onquiry: When what you see is not what you see. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406918816766
Steenhuis, H.-J., & De Bruijn, E. (2006). Building theories from case study research: The progressive case study. OM in the New World Uncertainties. Proceedings (CD-ROM) of the 17th Annual Conference of POMS. Boston, USA: Production and Operations Management Society (POMS).
Sudibia, I. K., Yuliarni, N. N., & Sintaasih, D. K. (2016). Pemberdayaan masyarakat desa adat dalam mendukung eksistensi lembaga perkreditan desa di Provinsi Bali. Universitas Udayana, Bali.
Sugiswati, B. (2012). Perlindungan hukum terhadap eksistensi masyarakat adat di Indonesia. Perspektif, 17(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v17i1.92
Sunderlin, W. D., Dewi, S., Puntodewo, A., Müller, D., Angelsen, A., & Epprecht, M. (2008). Why forests are important for global poverty alleviation: A spatial explanation. Ecology and Society, 13(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02590-130224
Sutopo, D. S. (2023). Memahami pembangunan desa dan prespektifnya. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(6), 21917–21922. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v7i3.9799
van der Vecht, B., Dignum, F., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2009). Autonomous Agents Adopting Organizational Rules. In Handbook of Research on Multi-Agent Systems (pp. 314–333). Pennsylvania, US: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-256-5.ch013
Virtanen, P. (2002). The role of customary institutions in the conservation of biodiversity: Sacred forests in Mozambique. Environmental Values, 11(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327102129341073
Warisle, D. R., & Sekarmadji, A. (2019). Kepastian hukum sertipikat hak milik masyarakat hukum adat Tengger. Jurist-Diction, 2(6), 2061–2077. https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v2i6.15943
Warouw, J. N., Adrianto, A., Hornoko, D., Ambarwati, A., Priyanggono, A., Prodnyoswori, N. P. A. A., & Agustini, B. L. (2012). Inventarisasi komunitas adat Tengger Desa Ngadisari Kecamatan Sukapura Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur. Yogyakarta: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya.
Werner, K. (2021). Filling the gap: customary institutions as governance actors. Peacebuilding, 9(2), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2021.1895619
Widianto, A. A., & Lutfiana, R. F. (2021). Kearifan Lokal Kabumi: Media internalisasi nilai-nilai karakter masyarakat Tuban Jawa Timur. Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya Dan Perubahan Sosial, 5(1), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v5i1.15929
Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.005
Zainuddin, M. (2018). Mekanisme Lembaga Adat Melayu Riau dalam melestarikan wisata budaya di Provinsi Riau. Agregasi, 6(1), 92–107. https://doi.org/10.34010/AGREGASI.V6I1.613
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Aun Falestien Faletehan, Muchammad Firman Mauludin, Ahmad Khairul Hakim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial agree to the following terms:
- For all articles published in Satwika, copyright is retained by the authors. Authors give permission to the publisher to announce the work with conditions. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the publishing right to the publisher.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
