Motif Durhaka dalam Cerita Rakyat Nusantara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v7i2.31388Keywords:
Durhaka, Cerita Rakyat Nusantara, MotifAbstract
Di wilayah Nusantara, cerita rakyat dengan motif “anak durhaka” tampaknya cukup populer. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan ditemukannya enam belas cerita di wilayah Nusantara yang memiliki motif tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan struktural dengan metode sastra bandingan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah close reading. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah metode struktural-komparatif da diolah dengan model kualitatif-interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan motif anak durhaka ditemukan pada enam belas judul cerita rakyat. Motif ini muncul sebagai peringatan moral yang menyoroti pentingnya menghormati orang tua, sementara motif perubahan bentuk atau transformasi memberikan alegori tentang perjalanan spiritual dan pembelajaran karakter. Motif kemiskinan yang berubah menjadi kekayaan menciptakan narasi yang inspiratif, sementara motif kutukan memainkan peran penting dalam memberikan dimensi moral pada cerita rakyat. Tokoh utama dan pendamping menjadi elemen kunci dalam menggambarkan kompleksitas moralitas, sedangkan setting tempat dari cerita menciptakan lokalitas dan keberagaman kisah serta menambahkan dimensi budaya yang mendalam. Dengan menggali motif dalam cerita rakyat Nusantara, artikel ini membantu memahami nilai-nilai kultural dan spiritual yang diperjuangkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia.
In the Indonesian archipelago, folk tales with the motif of "disobedient children" seem to be quite popular. This is proven by the discovery of sixteen stories in the archipelago that have this motif. This research uses a structural approach with comparative literature methods. The data collection technique used was close reading. The analysis technique used is a structural-comparative method and is processed using a qualitative-interactive model. The research results show that the motif of the disobedient child is found in sixteen folklore titles. This motif appears as a moral warning that highlights the importance of respecting parents, while the motif of shapeshifting or transformation provides an allegory about spiritual journeys and character learning. The motif of poverty turning into wealth creates an inspirational narrative, while the curse motif plays an important role in giving a moral dimension to folk tales. The main characters and companions are key elements in depicting the complexity of morality, while the setting of the story creates the locality and diversity of the story and adds a deep cultural dimension. By exploring motifs in Indonesian folklore, this article helps us understand the cultural and spiritual values fought for by Indonesian society.
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