Faktor-Faktor Determinan Modal Sosial dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Kasus Desa Wisata di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v8i1.32142Keywords:
modal sosial, kepercayaan, norma, jejaring sosialAbstract
Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan desa wisata dalam menghadapi kemungkinan pandemi di masa mendatang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi komponen-komponen pembentuk faktor-faktor modal sosial dan menemukan faktor-faktor determinan dalam modal sosial serta besaran pengaruhnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan pada empat desa yang mewakili tiap kabupaten di DIY yakni Desa Wisata Kakilangit, Desa Wisata Pentingsari, Desa Wisata Nglanggeran, dan Desa Wisata Tinalah. Menurut Dinas Pariwisata Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), tingkatan desa wisata maju/mandiri ini ditentukan berdasarkan beberapa kriteria seperti daya tarik, aksesibilitas, fasilitas, pemberdayaan masyarakat, pemasaran dan promosi, serta kelembagaan dan SDM. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan sejumlah 128 pelaku usaha wisata. Conficence level yang digunakan adalah 92% berdasarkan Rumus Slovin. Data kemudian diolah menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Model Analysis (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yakni faktor kepercayaan, norma, dan jejaring sosial. Dalam hal ini jejaring sosial merupakan faktor dengan tingkat pengaruh terting. Berdasarkan penelitian ini sangat penting bagi pemerintah baik di tingkat pusat maupun tingkat desa bersama dengan pengelola desa wisata untuk meningkatkan modal sosial pada beberapa faktor dan komponen yang disebutkan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan desa wisata melalui modal sosial untuk menghadapi pandemi di masa yang akan datang.
This research is based on the issue of the vulnerability of tourist village communities to the Covid pandemic, where social capital is needed to increase resilience. This research is important because it can contribute to improving tourist villages in facing possible future pandemics. The aim of this research is to identify the components that form social capital factors and to find the determinant factors in social capital and the magnitude of their influence. This research is quantitative research. The research was conducted in four developed/independent tourist villages representing each district in DIY, namely Kakilangit Tourism Village, Jenissari Tourism Village, Nglanggeran Tourism Village, and Tinalah Tourism Village. According to the Yogyakarta Special Region Tourism Office (DIY), the level of a developed/independent tourist village is determined based on several criteria such as attractiveness, accessibility, facilities, community empowerment, marketing and promotion, as well as institutions and human resources. Data was collected through questionnaires with a total of 128 tourism business actors. The confidence level used is 92% based on the Slovin Formula. The data was then processed using Structural Equation Model Analysis (SEM). The research results show that social capital is significantly influenced by three factors, namely trust, norms and social networks. In this case, social networking is the factor with the highest level of influence. Based on this research, it is very important for the government both at the central and village levels together with tourism village managers to increase social capital on several factors and components mentioned in this research. This research contributes to increasing the resilience of tourist villages through social capital to face future pandemics.
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