Eksistensi Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Sungai: Studi Kasus Masyarakat Desa Surau Bengkulu Tengah

Abstract

Pencemaran SDA Sungai menjadi fenomena yang tengah marak terjadi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji eksistensi kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam  pengelolaan sumber daya alam sungai di Desa Surau Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, dengan menggunakan teori Ekologi Budaya oleh Steward serta Interaksionisme Simbolik  sebagai landasan analisisnya. Data diperoleh melalui observasi non partisipan, wawancara mendalam yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik MDAP (Manual Data Analhysis Procedure). Informan ditentukan melalui teknik snowball sampling dengan kriteria tertentu. Upaya menemukan hasil penelitian dilakukan melalui penerapan metode kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan mitos “Duguk” di tengah masyarakat Desa Surau dalam kaitannya dengan pengelolaan SDA sungai merupakan sebuah kearifan lokal yang muncul dari hasil ekstraksi asal-usul, sistem nilai, kepercayaan, hingga sistem religi dan bahasa masyarakat Desa Surau. Mitos “Duguk” sarat akan nilai-nilai yang mencoba menumbuhkan masyarakat dengan sikap menghormati dan menghargai lingkungan alam khususnya lingkungan sungai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, mitos “Duguk” pada masyarakat Desa Surau saat ini kian memudar eksistensinya. Pudarnya  eksistensi “Duguk” sebagai sebuah kearifan lokal di tengah masyarakat Desa Surau terjadi karena dihadapkan oleh dinamika  perkembangan modernisasi serta pemahaman terhadap agama  yang kemudian mengubah perspektif masyarakat terkait mitos-mitos yang ada di sekitar mereka. Mitos “Duguk” sendiri memiliki potensi yang dapat mengatur pemanfaatan lingkungan pada masyarakat.

River natural resource pollution has become a phenomenon that is currently occurring. The study aims to examine the existence of community local wisdom in the management of river natural resources in Surau Village, Central Bengkulu Regency. The analysis is based on Cultural Ecology theory by Steward and Symbolic Interactionism. The data was obtained through non-participant observation and in-depth interviews, which were then analyzed using the MDAP (Manual Data Analysis Procedure) technique. The informants were determined through the snowball sampling technique, with certain criteria. Efforts were made to find the results of the research through the application of qualitative methods with a case study design. The results indicated the presence of the "Duguk" myth in the Surau Village community with regard to the management of river natural resources. This myth can be considered a local wisdom that emerged from the extraction of the Duguk myth's origins. The results indicated that the "Duguk" myth in the Surau Village community with regard to river natural resource management is a local wisdom that emerges from the extraction of the origins, value system, belief system, religious system, and language of the Surau Village community. The myth of "Duguk" is imbued with values that seek to foster a community imbued with respect and appreciation for the natural environment, especially the river environment. The research findings indicate that the myth of "Duguk" in the Surau Village community is gradually losing its significance. The community of Surau Village is currently experiencing a decline in the practice of "Duguk," which is being superseded by the prevailing cultural dynamics. The phenomenon of Surau arises from the interplay between the dynamics of modernization and the evolving understanding of religion. This interplay has the effect of altering the community's perspective on the myths that are part of Surau Village's cultural heritage.