Personal growth initiative as a predictor of psychological distress in college students during the covid-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v11i1.20913Keywords:
college students, COVID-19, personal growth initiative, psychological distressAbstract
This study aims to determine the role of personal growth initiatives (PGI) in psychological distress among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study hypothesizes that there is a role of PGI in psychological distress among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were 200 active undergraduate students in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The measuring instruments were the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the PGI scale. The results show that PGI had a significant role in psychological distress, with F(1.198) = 13.784, p= 0.000, R2 = 0.065, and R2 adjusted = 0.060. The regression coefficient (β = -0.175) indicated that an increase in PGI, on average, could decrease the psychological distress score by 0.175. Thus, the hypothesis proposed in this study can be accepted.
Downloads
References
Agustine, T. C., & Borualogo, I. S. (2021). Pengaruh distres psikologis terhadap resiliensi pada anak dan remaja saat pandemi covid-19.Prosiding Psikologi, 7(2), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.28309
Alawamleh, M., Al-Twait, L. M., & Al-Saht, G. R. (2020). The effect of online learning on communication between instructors and students during the covid-19 pandemic. Asian Education and Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-06-2020-0131
Andrade, L. M. (2021). We still keep going: The multiplicitous socioemotional states & stressors of undocumented students during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/15381927211000220
Astuti, L., Marleni, L., & Aini, L. (2021). Tingkat stres terhadap motivasi belajar di masa pandemi corona virus desease 19 (covid 19) pada mahasiswa keperawatan STIK siti khadijah palembang. Health Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako), 7(2), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.22487/htj.v7i2.64
Aughterson, H., McKinlay, A. R., Fancourt, D., & Burton, A. (2021). Psychosocial impact on frontline health and social care professionals in the UK during the covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative interview study. BMJ Open, 11(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047353
Azwar, S. (2019). Metode Penelitian Psikologi (2nd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.
Blackie, L. E. R., Jayawickreme, E., Forgeard, M. J. C., & Jayawickreme, N. (2015). The protective function of personal growth initiative among a genocide-affected population in Rwanda. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(4), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000010
Cahyawati, D., & Gunarto, M. (2020). Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19: Hambatan , tingkat kesetujuan , materi , beban tugas , kehadiran , dan pengelasan dosen. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 7(2), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v7i2.33296
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the covid-19 epidemic on college students in china. Psychiatry Research, 287(March), 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Dambrun, M., & Dubuy, A. L. (2014). A positive psychology intervention among long-term unemployed people and its effects on psychological distress and well-being. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00043.x
de Freitas, C. P. P., Damásio, B. F., Tobo, P. R., Kamei, H. H., & Koller, S. H. (2016). Systematic review about personal growth initiative. textit{Anales de Psicología, 32}(3), 770. url{https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.3.219101}
de Jager-van Straaten, A., Jorgensen, L., Hill, C., & Nel, J. A. (2016). Personal growth initiative among industrial psychology students in a higher education institution in south africa. textit{SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 42}(1), 1–11. url{https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v42i1.1283}
Dewi, K. S. (2012). Buku Ajar Kesehatan Mental. In UPT UNDIP Press Semarang. UPT UNDIP Press Semarang.
Deyoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., Peterson, J. B., & Gray, J. R. (2014). Openness to experience, intellect, and cognitive ability. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.806327}
Divaris, K., Mafla, A. C., Villa-Torres, L., Sánchez-Molina, M., Gallego-Gómez, C. L., Vélez-Jaramillo, L. F., Tamayo-Cardona, J. A., Pérez-Cepeda, D., Vergara-Mercado, M. L., Simancas-Pallares, M. Á., & Polychronopoulou, A. (2013). Psychological distress and its correlates among dental students: A survey of 17 Colombian dental schools. BMC Medical Education, 13}, 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-91
Drapeau, A., Marchand, A., & Beaulieu-Prevost, D. (2012). Epidemiology of psychological distress. Mental Illnesses - Understanding, Prediction and Control. https://doi.org/10.5772/30872
Duli, N. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif: Beberapa Konsep Dasar Untuk Penulisan Skripsi & Analisis Data Dengan SPSS. Deepublish. https://doi.org/9786230205507
Dumford, A. D., & Miller, A. L. (2018). Online learning in higher education: exploring advantages and disadvantages for engagement. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30(3), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9179-z
Effendy, N., & Widianingtanti, L. T. (2020). Peran meaning dan personal growth initiative (PGI) pada pandemi covid-19 (tatanan dunia baru). Buletin Psikologi, 28(2), 166. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.60210
Eka, R., Permadi, W., & Hilmanto, D. (2019). E-monitoring interaktif meningkatkan refleksi diri, motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar mahasiswa DIII kebidanan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(3), 97–107.
Fitriyani, Y., Fauzi, I., & Sari, M. Z. (2020). Motivasi belajar mahasiswa pada pembelajaran daring selama pandemik covid-19. textit{Pendidikan, 6}(2), 165–175. url{https://doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v7i1.10973}
Gultom, J. R., Sundara, D., & Fatwara, M. D. (2022). Pembelajaran hybrid learning model sebagai strategi optimalisasi sistem pembelajaran di era pandemi covid-19 pada perguruan tinggi di jakarta. Mediastima, 28}(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.55122/mediastima.v28i1.385
Hamza, C. A., Ewing, L., Heath, N. L., & Goldstein, A. L. (2021). When social isolation is nothing new: A longitudinal study on psychological distress during COVID-19 among university students with and without preexisting mental health concerns. Canadian Psychology, 62(1), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000255
Hardin, E. E., Weigold, I. K., & Nixon, A. E. (2007). Self-discrepancy and distress: The role of a personal growth initiative. Journal of Counseling Psychology 54(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.86
Hasan, N., & Bao, Y. (2020). Impact of “e-Learning crack-up” perception on psychological distress among college students during a covid-19 pandemic: A mediating role of “fear of academic year loss.” Children and Youth Services Review, 118(July), 105355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105355
Hastono, S. P. (2016). Analisa Data. Universitas Indonesia.
Idaiani, S., & Kristanto, A.Y. (2009). Analisis gejala gangguan mental emosional penduduk Indonesia. Majority Kedokteran Indonesia 59(10),473–479.
Idaiani, S., & Suhardi. (2006). Validitas dan reliabilitas general health questionnaire untuk skrinning distres psikologik dan disfungsi sosial di masyarakat. In Bul. Penel. Kesehatan 34(4),161–173
Imania, H., Latifah, M., & Yuliati, L. N. (2022). Kecemasan, efikasi diri akademik, motivasi belajar: Analisis jenis kelamin pada mahasiswa selama pandemi covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 15(3), 251–263.
Ivtzan, I., Chan, C. P. L., Gardner, H. E., & Prashar, K. (2011). Linking religion and spirituality with psychological well-being: examining self-actualization, meaning in Life, and personal growth initiative. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 915–929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9540-2
Jorm, A. F., Windsor, T. D., Dear, K. B. G., Anstey, K. J., Christensen, H., & Rodgers, B. (2005). Age group differences in psychological distress: The role of psychosocial risk factors that vary with age. Psychological Medicine, 35(9), 1253–1263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291705004976
Krys, S., Otte, K. P., & Knipfer, K. (2020). Academic performance: a longitudinal study on the role of goal-directed rumination and psychological distress. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 33(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1763141
Loo, J. M. Y., Tsai, J. S., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2014). Gratitude, hope, mindfulness and personal-growth initiative: buffers or risk factors for problem gambling? PLoS ONE, 9(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083889
Luyckx, K., & Robitschek, C. (2014). Personal growth initiative and identity formation in adolescence through young adulthood: mediating processes on the pathway to well-being. Journal of Adolescence, 37(7), 973–981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.009
Mazar, A., & Wood, W. (2018). Defining habit in psychology. The Psychology of Habit: Theory, Mechanisms, Change, and Contexts, 1–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97529-0
Mehta, C. R., & Patel, N. R. (2012). IBM SPSS Exact Tests. IBM Corporation.
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2003). Social Causes of Psychological Distress. Walter de Gruyter, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340460
O’Sullivan, L., Burchfield, N., Sullivan, S., & Mulley, S. (2007). Guidelines for Postnatal Depression (Issue August 2005).
Parwati, N. P. Y. (2022). Analisis persepsi mahasiswa program studi pendidikan sejarah universitas PGRI mahadewa indonesia terhadap pembelajaran selama masa pandemi covid 19. Jurnal Eduscience, 9(1), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v9i1.2528
Pertiwi, M. C., Sulistiyawan, A., Rahmawati, I., & Kaltsum, H. U. (2015). Hubungan organisasi dengan mahasiswa dalam menciptakan leadership. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Dan Call For Papers, 1(2), 227–234. Retrieved, 1 August 2022 from https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/bitstream/handle/11617/6022/1_Mungin Eddy Wibowo.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Picardi, A., Abeni, D., & Pasquini, P. (2001). Assessing psychological distress in patients with skin diseases: reliability, validity and factor structure of the GHQ-12. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 15(5), 410–417. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00336.x
Radestya, D. H. (2020). Pentingnya adaptasi mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan di tengah masa pandemi covid-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zstah
Rahmawati, & Putri, E. M. I. (2020). Learning from home dalam perspektif persepsi mahasiswa era pandemi covid-19. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hardiknas, 1, 17–24. Retrieved, 1 August 2022 from http://proceedings.ideaspublishing.co.id/index.php/hardiknas/article/view/3
Robitschek, C., Ashton, M. W., Spering, C. C., Geiger, N., Byers, D., Schotts, G. C., & Thoen, M. A. (2012). Development and psychometric evaluation of the personal growth initiative scale-II. textit{Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59}(2), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027310
Robitschek, C., & Kashubeck, S. (1999). A structural model of parental alcoholism, family functioning, and psychological health: The mediating effects of hardiness and personal growth orientation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.46.2.159
Robitschek, C., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2009). Keyes’s Model of Mental Health With Personal Growth Initiative as a Parsimonious Predictor. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(2), 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013954}
Saraswati, P. (2019). Goal achievement as a predictor of personal growth initiative for generation z. Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 304}. https://doi.org/10.2991/acpch-18.2019.80
Saravanan, C., Mahmoud, I., Elshami, W., & Taha, M. H. (2020). Knowledge, anxiety, fear, and psychological distress about COVID-19 among university students in the united arab emirates. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(October), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582189
Singh, V., & Thurman, A. (2019). How many ways can we define online learning? A systematic literature review of definitions of online learning (1988-2018). American Journal of Distance Education, 33(4), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2019.1663082
Sirrine, E. H., Kliner, O., & Gollery, T. J. (2021). College student experiences of grief and loss amid the covid-19 global pandemic. Omega - Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211027461
St. Mary’s College of Maryland. (2021). Signs and Symptoms of Distress in Students. Retrieved, 1 August 2022 from https://www.smcm.edu/wellness/help-a-student/signs-and-symptoms-of-distress-in-students/
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Penerbit Alfabeta.
Suyono. (2015). Analisis Regresi untuk Penelitian. Deepublish.
Tasso, A. F., Sahin, N. H., & Roman, G. J. S. (2021). Covid-19 disruption on college students: Academic and socioemotional implications. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000996
Vaterlaus, J. M., Shaffer, T., & Pulsipher, L. (2021). College student interpersonal and institutional relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative exploratory study. Social Science Journal, 00(00), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2021.1949553
Weigold, I. K., Porfeli, E. J., & Weigold, A. (2013). Examining tenets of personal growth initiative using the personal growth initiative scale-II. Psychological Assessment, 25}(4), 1396–1403. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034104
Weigold, I. K., Weigold, A., Ling, S., & Jang, M. (2020). College as a growth opportunity: Assessing personal growth initiative and self-determination theory. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(5), 2143–2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00312-x
Wijoyo, H. (2020). Analisis minat belajar mahasiswa STMIK dharmapala riau di masa pandemi coronavirus disease (covid-19). Jurnal Pendidikan: Riset Dan Konseptual, 4(3), 396–404. https://doi.org/10.28926/riset_konseptual.v4i3.2
Zimmermann, M., Bledsoe, C., & Papa, A. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on College Student Mental Health: A Longitudinal Examination of Risk and Protective Factors. University of Nevada Reno.
Zulkarnain, F. N. (2009). Sense of humor dan kecemasan menghadapi ujian di kalangan mahasiswa sense of humor dan kecemasan menghadapi ujian. textit{Kedokteran Nusantara, 42(1), 48–54.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Amya Bunga Fathiyah, Sayang Ajeng Mardhiyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan agree to the following terms:
- For all articles published in Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, copyright is retained by the authors. Authors give permission to the publisher to announce the work with conditions. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the publishing right to the publisher.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.