Locus of control: Upaya untuk menurunkan social loafing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v8i1.7846Keywords:
Social Loafing, Locus of control, Group TasksAbstract
Objectives: Social loafing is a phenomenon of decreased performance (efforts / efforts) of individuals in the work of group-based tasks, which of course will have an impact on performance and group satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of locus of control, both internally and externally on social loafing in group task completion.
Method: This study uses a quantitative approach. Sampling using non-probability sampling with accidental sampling technique in the population of students majoring in education (prospective teachers), with a total number of participants as many as 147 students (45 tryout scale, 102 hypothesis testing). The measurement of each variable modifies the scale construct of previous research, which refers to Levenson for locus of control and Latane for social loafing. Then analyzed using a linear regression test.
Findings: Internal locus of control in this study proved to be able to reduce social loafing (sig. 0,000), with R Square value (influence contribution) in the determination coefficient table of 0.211 or 21.1%, while external locus of control did not contribute to the effect at all.
Conclusions: Internal locus of control is proven to reduce the tendency of social loafing in students, while external locus of control does not contribute to the influence at all, it does not even correlate with social loafing.
Downloads
References
Allen, D. G., Weeks, K. P., & Moffitt, K. R. (2005). Turnover Intentions and Voluntary Turnover: The Moderating Roles of Self-Monitoring, Locus of Control, Proactive Personality, and Risk Aversion. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 980-990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.980Abzani, A., & Leonard, L. (2017). Pengaruh locus of control terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Prosiding Diskusi Panel Nasional Pendidikan Matematika, 1(1), 549-558.Chidambaram, L., & Tung, L. L. (2005). Is out of sight, out of mind? An empirical study of social loafing in technology-supported groups. Information systems research, 16(2), 149-168. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1050.0051
Deutchman, I. E. (1985). Internal-external locus of control, power and political participation. Psychological reports, 57(3), 835-843. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3.835
Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2000). The Salieri syndrome: Consequences of envy in groups. Small group research, 31(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100101
Earley, P. C. (1989). Social loafing and collectivism: A comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China. Administrative science quarterly, 565-581. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2393567
Fini, A. A. S., & Yousefzadeh, M. (2011). Survey on relationship of achievement motivation, locus of control and academic achievement in high school students of Bandar Abbas (Iran). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 866-870.
Hadi, S. (2000). Metodologi penelitian. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
Harkins, S. G., & Szymanski, K. (1989). Social loafing and group evaluation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56(6), 934-941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.6.934
Hart, J. W., Karau, S. J., Stasson, M. F., & Kerr, N. A. (2004). Achievement Motivation, Expected Coworker Performance, and Collective Task Motivation: Working Hard or Hardly Working? 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(5), 984-1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02580.x
Heller, P., Keith, R., & Anderson, S. (1992). Teaching problem solving through cooperative grouping. Part 1: Group versus individual problem solving. American journal of physics, 60(7), 627-636. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.17117
Hoigaard, R., Tofteland, I., & Ommundsen, Y. (2006). The effect of team cohesion on social loafing in relay teams. International Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 18(1), 59-73.
Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., Kreuter, M. W., & Rubio, D. M. (2003). Spiritual health locus of control and breast cancer beliefs among urban African American women. Health Psychology, 22(3), 294-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.3.294
Howerton, D. L., Enger, J. M., & Cobbs, C. R. (1993). Locus of control and achievement for at-risk adolescent black males. The High School Journal, 76(3), 210-214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40364580
Ingham, A. G., Levinger, G., Graves, J., & Peckham, V. (1974). The Ringelmann effect: Studies of group size and group performance. Journal of experimental social psychology, 10(4), 371-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(74)90033-X
Ismail, N. S. (2016). Pengaruh locus of control dan hardiness terhadap stres pada mahasiswa yang menyusun skripsi. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
Kahoe, R. D. (1974). Personality and achievement correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(6), 812-818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0036222
Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1993). Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Journal of personality and social psychology, 65(4), 681-706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681
Khir, A. M., Redzuan, M. R., Hamsan, H. H., & Shahrimin, M. I. (2015). Locus of Control and Academic Achievement among Orang Asli Students in Malaysia. International Conference on Language, Education, Humanities and Innovation 2nd. 84-90.
Kravitz, D., Kravitz, D. A., & Martin, B. (1986). Ringelmann Rediscovered : The Original Article, Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(5), 936–941. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.936
Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work:The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(6), 822–832. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.822
Levenson, H. (1974). Multidimensional locus of control in prison inmates. Proceedings of the Division of Personality and Society Psychology, 1(1), 354-356. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167274001001119
Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. Dalam Lefcourt, H. M. (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct, (hlm. 15-63). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-11068-9
Piezon, S. L., & Ferree, W. D. (2008). Perceptions of social loafing in online learning groups: A study of public university and US Naval War College students. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v9i2.484
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
Sari, I. Y. (2016). Pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan dan inovasi produk
terhadap kinerja ukm kota makassar. Repositori Universitas Islam Negeri Alaudin Makasar, Makassar.
Shih, C. H., Shao, C. C., & Wang, Y. H. (2017). Study of Social Loafing and Employee Creativity. International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, 821-830.
Simanjuntak, P. D. R., & Eliana, R. (2017). Hubungan antara locus of control dengan social loafing mahasiswa pada tugas berbasis kelompok. Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan.
Singh, S., Wang, H., & Zhu, M. (2018). Perceptions of Social Loafing During the Process of Group Development. Ssrn, 1–27.
Sisilia, R. A. (2016). Hubungan antara self esteem dengan social loafing pada mahasiswa. Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan.
Suryanto., Aniputra, M. G. B., Herdiana, I., & Alfian, I. N. (2012). Pengantar psikologi sosial. Surabaya: Pusat Penerbitan dan Percetakan Unair.
Wallston, B. S., Wallston, K. A., Kaplan, G. D.., & Maides, S. A. (1976). Development and validation of the Health Locus of Control (HLC) Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44(4), 580-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.44.4.580
Webb, N. M. (1995). Group Collaboration in Assessment : Multiple Objectives , Processes , and Outcomes. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 17(2), 239–261. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737017002239
Whyte, C. B. (1977). High-Risk College Freshmen and Locus of Control. Humanist Educator, 16(1), 2-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-6163.1977.tb00177.x
Ying, X., Li, H., Jiang, S., Peng, F., & Lin, Z. (2014). Group laziness: The effect of social loafing on group performance. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 42(3), 465-471.
Zahra, Y., Eliana, R., Budiman, Z., & Novliadi, F. (2015). Peran Jender dan Social Loafing Tendency terhadap Prestasi Akademik dalam Konteks Pembelajaran. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 10(1), 1-9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan agree to the following terms:
- For all articles published in Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, copyright is retained by the authors. Authors give permission to the publisher to announce the work with conditions. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the publishing right to the publisher.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.