Penerapan prompting untuk meningkatkan frekuensi kontak mata pada anak dengan global developmental delay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v7i2.7995Keywords:
Prompting, Eye Contact, Global Developmental DelayAbstract
Abstrak. Kontak mata merupakan prasyarat penting bagi seseorang untuk dapat mencapai kemampuan yang lebih kompleks, seperti halnya bahasa dan sosial. Oleh karena itu, kontak mata menjadi target perilaku pertama untuk diintervensi. H merupakan anak laki-laki berusia 4 tahun 8 bulan dengan diagnosis Global Developmental Delay yang sangat jarang melakukan kontak mata dengan orang lain. Ia belum mampu berkomunikasi dan respon yang ditunjukkan terhadap sekitarnya juga sangat minim. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian single-subject, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan prompting dalam meningkatkan frekuensi kontak mata anak dengan Global Developmental Delay (H). Kontak mata anak diperoleh dari data pencatatan melalui observasi langsung dan didukung dengan alat ukur Kuesioner Kontak Mata dan Kuesioner Kemampuan Bahasa dan Personal/Sosial yang diisi oleh orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan frekuensi kemunculan kontak mata serta peningkatan skor pada kedua kuesioner sebelum (pre-test) dan sesudah (post-test) intervensi diberikan. Meskipun demikian, kontak mata belum muncul secara konsisten setiap kali anak dipanggil namanya dan hasil penelitian ini masih perlu didukung oleh penelitian serupa, khususnya pada kelompok anak dengan Global Developmental Delay.
Kata Kunci: Prompting, Kontak Mata, Global Developmental Delay.
Abstract. Eye contact is an important prerequisite to achieve more complex abilities, such as language and social. Therefore, it is the first behavior targeted for intervention. H is a 4-year-old boy with a diagnosis of Global Developmental Delay who rarely makes eye contact with other people. He has not been able to communicate and the response shown to his surrounding is also very minimal. This study is a single-subject research, which aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of prompting in increasing the frequency of eye contact in children with Global Developmental Delay (H). Child's eye contact is obtained from the recorded data through direct observation and supported by Children’s Eye Contact Questionnaire and Language and Personal/Social Ability Questionnaire filled by parents. The result showed an increase in the frequency of eye contact occurrence and an increase in scores on both questionnaires before (pre-test) and after (post-test) intervention was given. However, eye contact has not occurred consistently every time the child is called by his name and the result of this study still need to be supported by similar research, especially in children with Global Developmental Delay.
Keywords: Prompting, Eye Contact, Global Developmental Delay.
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