Pandemic and Global Civil Society: Shifting the Power Balance Towards the State?

Authors

  • Md. Kowsar University of Dhaka

Keywords:

Global Civil Society, State-Civil Society Relations, International Relations, Covid-19.

Abstract

This paper discusses about the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global civil society. It mainly focuses on how the pandemic is reducing the power of the global civil society in international politics while it is reinforcing the power of the state. Prominent theories of international relations, such as Realism, liberalism and constructivism assert the primacy of state in international politics while giving little importance to global civil society as an actor. However, the advocates of global civil society claim that, currently, global civil society is a much important actor in international politics. They also assert that states are gradually losing power to the global civil society. This paper argues that the pandemic has reversed this trend and shifted the power balance towards the state. Using the realist critic this paper argues that the pandemic has impacted international politics in a way that is reinforcing the primacy of the state and weakening the global civil society. As a result, global civil society is losing their ability to counter the state in world politics and are being forced to comply with the interests of the state.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afsahi, Afsoun, Emily Beausoleil, Rikki Dean, Selen A. Ercan, and Jean-Paul Gagnon. 2020. "Democarcy in a Global Emergency." Democratic Theory 7 (2): 5-19. doi:10.3167/dt.2020.070201.

Ahmed , Shamima, and David M. Potter . 2006. NGOs in International Politics. Boulder: Kumarian Press.

Allen, John, Nicholas Burns, Laurie Garret, Richard N. Haass, G. John Ikenberry, Kishore Mahbubani, Shivshankar Menon, et al. 2020. "How the World Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic." Foreign Policy. March 20. Accessed December 2020, 2020.

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/20/world-order-after-coroanvirus-pandemic/.

Anheier, Helmut, Marlies Glasius, and Mary Kaldor. 2001. Galobal Civil Society 2001. Oxford: Oxfrod University Press.

Baumann, Rainer, and Frank A. Stengel. 2014. "Foreign Policy Analysis, Globalisation and Non-state Actors: State-Centric After All?" Jornal of International Relations and Development 17 (14): 489-521.

Bieber, Florian. 2020. "Global Nationalism in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Nationalities Papers (Cambridge University Press) 1-13.

Böhmelt, Tobias, Vally Koubi, and Thomas Bernauer. 2013. "Civil Society Participation in Global Governance: Insights From Climate Politics." European Journal of Political Rsearch 53 (1): 18-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12016.

Brechenmacher, Saskia, Thomas Carothers, and Richard Youngs. 2020. Civil Society and the Coronavirus: Dynamism Despite Disruption. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. carnegieendowment.org/2020/04/21/civil-society-and-coronavirus-dynamism-despite-disruption-pub-81592.

Centre for Civil Society. 2004. Definition of Civil Society. London School of Economics. Accessed Decembor 2020, 11. http://www.centroedelstein.org.br/PDF/Report/ccs_london.htm#:~:text=Civil%20society%20refers%20to%20the,shared%20interests%2C%20purposes%20and%20values.

Chandhoke, Neera. 2002. "The Limits of the Global Civil Society." In Global Civil Society Yearbook 2002, edited by Marlies Glasius, Mary

Kaldor and Helmut Anheier, 35-53. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Choudhary, Kameshwar. 2004. "Global Civil Society, Globalization and Nation-State." International Society fot Third-Sector Research (ISTR). Toronto. 1-23.

Civicus. 2020. "3 Funding Concerns for Civil Society During this Pandemic." June 30. Accessed December 24, 2020. https://www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/news/blog/4472-3-funding-concerns-for-civil-society-during-this-pandemic.

Dryzek, Johm S. 2012. "Global Civil Society: The Progress of Post-Westphalian Politics." Annual Review of Political Science 15 (1): 101-119.

Fernando, H.S.G. 2018. "Conceptual Analysis on Involvemnet OF NGOs in World Politics." EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 4 (8): 14-25.

Jaysawal, Neelmani. 2013. "Civil Society, Democratic Space, and Social Work." Sage Open 3 (4): 1-12.

Josselin, Daphne, and William Wallace. 2001. "Non-state Actors in World Politics: A Framewok." In Non-state Actors in World Politics, edited by Daphne Josseline and William Wallace. London: Palgrave Publishers Ltd.

Kaldor, Mary. 2003. "The Idea of Global Civil Society." International Affairs 79 (3): 583-593.

Kastrati, Ardian. 2016. "Civil Society from Historical to Contemporary Perspectives." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1 (1): 64-68.

Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Krasner, Stephen D., ed. 1983. International Regime. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

LINC. 2020. How Civil Society Organization in the Global South Are Impacted by Covid-19. LINC.

Lipschutz, Ronnie D. 1992. "Reconstructing World PoliticsL: The Emergence of Global Civil Society." Millennium - Journal of International Studies 21 (3): 389-420.

Lynch, Cecelia. 2008. "Reflexivity in Research on Civil Society: Constructivist Perspective." International Studies Review 10 (4): 708-721.

Mishra, Vivek Kumar. 2012. "The Role of Global Civil Society in Global Governance." Bijing Law Review 3: 206-212.

Munich Security Report. Conference Report, Munich: Munich Security Conference.

Noel, Tiffany Karalis. 2020. "Conflating Culture with COVID-19: Xenophobic Repercussions of a Global Pandemic." Social Sciences & Humanities Open 2 (1). doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100044.

Norris, Pippa, and Ronald Inglehart. 2019. Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ozkan, Ersan, and Hakam Cen Cetin. 2016. "The Realist and Liberal Positions on the Role ofInternational Organizations in Maintaining World Order." European Sceintific Journal 12 (17): 85-96.

Popovski, Vesselin. 2010. "The Role of Civil Society in Global Governance." In Engaging Civil Society: Emerging Trends in Democratic Governance, edited by G. Shabbir Cheema and Vesselin Popovski, 23-43. Tokyo: UNU Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.18356/0c6016f1-en.

Rachman, Gideon. 2020. "Nationalism Is a Side Effect of the Coronavirus." Financial Times. March 23. Accessed December 26, 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/644fd920-6cea-11ea-9bca-bf503995cd6f.

Scholte, Jan Aart. 1999. Global Civil Society: Changing the World. Working Paper, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation (CSGR).

Waltz, Kenneth N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. California: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Youngs, Richard. 2020. Global Civil Society in the Shadow of Coronavirus. Washington: Carnegie endowment for International Peace.

Downloads

Published

03-02-2022

How to Cite

Kowsar, M. (2022). Pandemic and Global Civil Society: Shifting the Power Balance Towards the State?. Global Local Interactions: Journal of International Relations, 2(1), 1–11. Retrieved from https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/GLI/article/view/15064