Efek Penggunaan Tepung Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu Dan Tepung Daun Ubi Jalar Kuning Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia, Organoleptik Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Cookies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22219/fths.v4i2.16603Keywords:
antioksidan, cookies, daun ubi jalar ungu, daun ubi jalar kuningAbstract
Abstract. Utilization of sweet potato as a food product has been commonly carried out and the nutrients in it have been known. This is what underlies the existence of food diversification using sweet potato leaves. Sweet potato leaves contain B vitamins, iron, calcium, zinc and protein, besides that sweet potato leaves are a source of natural antioxidants such as β-carotene, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, tannins, polyphenols, including lutein. Utilization of sweet potato leaves into processed products, one of which is by flouring sweet potato leaves as a substitute for cookies. The research design was carried out using a random nested block design, consisting of two factors. The first factor as a nest was purple sweet potato leaves and yellow sweet potato leaves. Second factor as a nesting factor is the formulation of cookies with the substitution of sweet potato leaf flour with different levels (3.3g, 6.6g, 9.9g, 13.2g). Observation parameters include moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, total carbohydrates, antioxidant activity, texture, organoleptics (taste, color, preferences, aroma, aftertaste). The results of this study indicate an effect on ash content and protein content in different varieties. In the treatment of different formulations, it is known that there is an effect on moisture, carbohydrate, and protein content. The effect of adding purple sweet potato leaf flour and yellow sweet potato leaf flour in this study affected organoleptics including taste, color, aroma, preferences, and aftertaste. The treatment of cookies with the addition of sweet potato leaf flour with the highest ash content was 2.83%, the lowest water content was 1.51%, the highest protein content was 31.07%, and the largest carbohydrate content was 41.04%.
Keywords: antioxidant, processed, sweet potato leaves
Abstrak. Pemanfaatan ubi jalar sebagai produk pangan telah umum dilakukan dan telah diketahui zat gizi didalamnya. Hal inilah yang mendasari adanya diversifikasi pangan dengan menggunakan daun ubi jalar. Daun ubi jalar mengandung vitamin B, zat besi, kalsium, zinc dan protein, selain itu daun ubi jalar merupakan sumber antioksidan alami seperti ß-carotene, antosianin, asam fenolik, tannin, polifenol, termasuk lutein. Pemanfaatan daun ubi jalar menjadi produk olahan, salah satunya dengan menepungkan daun ubi jalar untuk substitusi cookies. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Tersarang (Nested) terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor 1 sebagai sarang yaitu jenis daun, faktor 2 sebagai faktor yang tersarang yaitu formulasi dengan level yang berbeda (3,3g, 6,6g, 9,9g, 13,2g). parameter pengamatan meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, karbohidrat total, aktivitas antioksidan, daya patah, dan organoleptic (rasa, aroma, warna, aftertaste, dan skoring). Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa adanya pengaruh dari penggunaan jneis daun ubi jalar yang berbeda meliputi kadar abu dan kadar protein sedangkan pengaruh dari formulasi terhadap karakter fisikokimia meliput kadar air, kadar karbohidrat dan protein. Pada organoleptiknya jenis maupun formulasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap rasa, warna, skoring, aftertaste, dan aroma.
Kata kunci: antioksidan, cookies, daun ubi jalar ungu dan daun ubi jalar kuning
Downloads
References
Aina, Q. 2014. Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oliefera) dan Jenis Lemak Terhadap Hasil Jadi Rich Biscuit. E-journal Boga, 03(3), pp.106-115
Andarwulan, N., Kusnandar, F., Herawati, D., 2011. Analisis Pangan. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat
Anisa, N. 2019. Analisis Kandungan Senyawa Fenol, Flavanoid, Klorofil, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Berbagai Klon Daun Ubi Jalar (Ipomea batatas). Disertasi. Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Lampung. 75 hlm.
Badan Standarisasi Nasional (BSN). 2012. SNI 2973:2011. Syarat Mutu Cookies. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional
Budiarti, Ikhtiar, D., Fronthea S., & Laras R. 2016. Pengaruh Perbedaan Perendaman dalam Asap Cair Terhadap Perubahan Komposisi Asam Lemak dan Kolestrol Belut (Monopterus albus) Asap. Jurnal Pengolahan, 5(1)
Cengceng., Anasrullah, & Abdurahman., B. 2020. Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Kualitas Sensorik, Kandungan Zat Besi (Fe) Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Roti Tawar. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Pangan, 5(4), pp. 2993-3005
Dewi, Fitri, K., Neneng, S. dan Yudi, G. 2016. Pembuatan Cookies Dengan Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Pada Berbagai Suhu Pemanggangan. Disertasi. Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pasundan Bandung
Dewi, P.D. 2018. Substitusi Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) pada Cookies Terhadap Sifat Fisik, Sifat Organoleptik, Kadar Proksimat, dan Kadar Fe. Jurnal Ilmu Gizi Indonesia. 01(02), pp. 104-112. DOI: 10.35842/ilgi.v1i2.22
Dinu, M., Soare, R., Babeanu, C., Hoza, G. 2018. Analysis of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf and Petiole. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 91, pp. 120-125. DOI : 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.017
Erlidawati, S., Syahrial, M. Nazar, & Thursina A. 2013. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea batatas l.) hasil budidaya daerah Saree Aceh Besar. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan, 9, pp. 125-130. DOI:10.23955/rkl.v9i3.781
Fatkurahman, R., W. Atmaka & Basito. 2012. Karakteristik sensoris dan sifat fisikokimia cookies dengan substitusi bekatul beras hitam (Oryza sativa L.) dan tepung jagung (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Teknosains Pangan, 1 (1), pp. 49-57.
Ginting, E., Joko S. Utomo, Rahmi Y & M. Yusuf. 2011. Jurnal IPTEK Tanaman Pangan, 6(1)
Gunawan, D. dan Mulyani, S. 2010. Ilmu Obat Alam (Farmakognosi) Jilid 1. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Hanani, E. 2015. Analisis Fitokimia. Jakarta: EGC.
Herawati, H. 2018. Potensi Hidrokoloid sebagai Bahan Tambahan pada Produk Pangan dan Non Pangan Bermutu. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 37, pp.17-25
Hue S.M., Boyce, A.M., & Somasundram, C. 2012. Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic and Flavonoid contents in the leaves of different varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(3), pp. 375-380.
Ishartati, E., Sukardi, D. Roeswitawati, A. Zakia, & Ulfah. 2012. The Study of Apple Flour Formulation for Functional Cookies. Disertasi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Islam, M.S., Yoshimoto, M., Yahara, S., & Yamakawa, O. 2002. Identification and characterization of foliar polyphenolic composition in sweet potato genotypes. J. Agric. Food Chem, 50, pp. 3718-3722. DOI: 10.1021/jf020120l.
Islam, S. 2014. Nutritional and medicinal qualities of sweetpotato tops and leaves. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas.
Ismarani. 2012. Potensi Senyawa Tanin Dalam Menunjang Produksi Ramah Lingkungan. Jurnal Agribisnis dan Pengembangan Wilayah, 3(2)
Jie, L., Xiao-ding, L., Yun, Z., Zheng-dong, Z., Zhi-ya, O., Meng, L., Shao-hua, Z., Shuo, L., Meng, W. & Lu, O. 2013. Identification and thermal stabilitiy of purple fleshed swwet potato anthocyanins in aqueous solution with various pH values and fruit juices. Journal Food Chemistry, 136, pp. 1429-1434. DOI :10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.054
Joel, J. M., Barminas, J. T., Riki, E.Y., Yelwa, J.M., & Edeh, F. 2018. Extraction and Characterization of Hydrocolloid Pectin from Goron Tula (Azanza garckeana) Fruit. World Scientific News, Journal Database, 101, pp.157-171.
Karna, P., Gundala, S.R., Gupta, M.V., Shamsi, S.A., Pace, R.D., Yates, C., Narayan, S. & Aneja, R. 2011. Polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Carcinogenesis, 32(12), pp.1872-1880.
Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI PGS 2016
Koncic M. Z., Petlevski R., & Zdenka, K. 2013. Antioxidant Activity of Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. Leaf Grown in Continental Croatia and Its Effect on Glutathione Level in Clucose-Induced Oxidative Stress. Int.Journal Food.Prop, 16(5), pp. 964 973
Kusuma, R. Dharma., Basito, & Windi A. 2013. Kajian Karakteristik Organoleptik dan Fisikokimia Cookies Kombinasi Tepung Terigu Tepung Millet Merah dan Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu. Jurnal Teknosains, 2(4)
Montilla, E.C., S. Hillebrand, and P. Winterhalter. 2011. Anthocyanins in purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties. Fruit Veg. Journal Cereal Sci. Biotechnol, 5(2), pp.19-24.
Nataliningsih. 2015. Analisis Kandungan Gizi dan Sifat Organoleptik Terhadap Cookies Bekatul, Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Bandung Raya: Bandung.
Nur, S., F.J. Sami, Wilda R., A. Awaluddin., & M.I.A. Afsari. 2019. Korelasi Antara Kadar Total Flavonoid dan Fenolik dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Jati Putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika, 5(1), pp. 33-42.
Nurdjanah, S., Nanti M., & Dwi I. 2011. Karakteristik Biskuit Coklat Dari Campuran Tepung Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana colla) dan Tepung Terigu Pada berbagai Tingkat Substitusi. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Hasil Pertanian, 16(1)
Pamungkas, D.D.A., I., Batubara, & Irma H., S. 2016. Fraksi alkaloid daun ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas var Ayumurasaki) sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase. Journal Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia, 4(2), pp. 16-34
Patras, A. B. K. Tiwari and N.P. Brunton. 2011. Influence of Blanching and ow Temperature Preservation Strategies on Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Contents of Carrots, Green Beans, and Broccoli. Journal Food Science and Technology, 44, pp.299-306
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian. 2016. Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Tanaman Ubi Jalar. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian
Rahma, Oktania, K. 2018. Kajian Penambahan Slurry Apel Manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill.) Dan Pencucian Kitolod (Isotoma longiflora (L.) C. Presl) Yang Berbeda Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik Cookies. Disertasi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Rohimah, I., Sudaryati, E., Nasution, E., 2013. Analisis Energi dan Protein serta Uji Daya Terima Biskuit Tepung Labu Kuning dan Ikan Lele. Jurnal Gizi Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Epidemiol, 2(6), pp.1-9.
Rohmawati, N., Anggraini, & Ruli B. A. 2019. Analisis Protein, Kalsium dan Daya Terima Biskuit Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) dengan Penambahan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera). Jurnal Nutrisia, 21(2), pp. 91 - 97
Seftiono, H., Everlyn D., & Sherly P. 2017. Analisis Proksimat dan Total Serat Pangan pada Crackers Fortifikasi Tepung Tempe dan Koleseom (Talinum tiangulare). Jurnal Agritech, 39(2), pp. 160-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.29726
Sumardika, I. Wayan., & I.M. Jawi. 2012. Ekstrak Air dan Ubi Jalar Ungu Memperbaiki Profil Lipid dan Meningkatkan Kadar SOD Darah Tikus Yang Diberi Makanan Tinggi Kolestrol. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran, 43(2)
Sun. H., Mu, T., Xi, L., Zhang, M., & Chen, J. 2014. Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L) Leaves as Nutritional and Functional Foods. J. Food Chemistry, 156, pp 380-389. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.079
Susanto, A., Hardani , & Sri, R. 2019. Uji Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L). ARTERI: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 1(1), pp. 1-7.
T. Rahayu, Broto S., & Andi S. 2014. Uji Antioksidan, Kandungan Fenolat dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Dari Daun Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas L.) yang Dikeringkan Menggunakan Freeze Drying. Disertasi. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Teow, C.C., Truong, V.D., McFeeters, R.F., Thompson, R.L., Pecota, K.V. & Yencho, G.C. 2007. Antioxidant activities, phenolic and β-carotene contents of sweet potato genotypes with varying flesh colours. Journal Food Chemistry, 103, pp.829-838. DOI : 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.033
Volden. J. G.B Bengston dan T. Wicklund. 2009. Glucosinolates L-Ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacities, and Color in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. Botrytis) effect of long-term freezer storage. Journal of Food Chemistry, 112, pp.967-976. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.018
Wabula, R.A., Seniwati, H., & Widiastuti. 2019. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) dengan Metode Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Jurnal Kesehatan, 2(4), pp. 329-337
Yudhistira, B., Tri, R.S., & Dian R., A. 2019. Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia dan Organoleptik Cookies Bayam Hijau (Amaranthus tricolor) dengan Penambahan Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) sebagai Upaya Pemenuhan Defisiensi Zat Besi pada Anak-Anak. Journal of Agro-based Industry, 36(2), pp. 83-95
Zakaria, Tamrin, A, Sirajuddin, & Hartono, R. 2012. Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor Pada Menu Makanan Sehari-hari Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Gizi Kurang Pada Anak Balita. Jurnal Media Gizi Pangan, 8 (1)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Olga Olivia Maretta, Sukardi Sukardi, Sri Winarsih
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).